Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28394770›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer disease and associated disorders

The BIOCARD Index: A Summary Measure to Predict Onset of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Ned Sacktor, Anja Soldan, Maura Grega, Leonie Farrington, Qing Cai, Mei-Cheng Wang, Rebecca F Gottesman, Raymond S Turner, Marilyn Albert, BIOCARD Research Team

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. PARP1 deficiency mitigates amyloid pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline in a familial Alzheimer's disease model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Evaluating the association of apolipoprotein E genotype and cognitive resilience in SuperAgers.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Characterizing patterns of diffusion tensor imaging variance in aging brains.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024
    Article
  8. Characterizing patterns of diffusion tensor imaging variance in aging brains.Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.) · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Evaluation of Mean Shift, ComBat, and CycleGAN for Harmonizing Brain Connectivity Matrices Across Sites.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2024
    Article
  12. Predicting Age from White Matter Diffusivity with Residual Learning.Proceedings of SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Workshop on Synergies Between Alzheimer's Research and Clinical Gerontology and Geriatrics: Current Status and Future Directions.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2018
    Review
  16. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ned Sacktor*Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center †Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ‡Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD §Department of Neurology, Georgetown Medical School, Washington, DC.
Anja Soldan
Maura Grega
Leonie Farrington
Qing Cai
Mei-Cheng Wang
Rebecca F Gottesman
Raymond S Turner
Marilyn Albert
BIOCARD Research Team

Funding

Project 2 MeasurementU19AG033655 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI JUAN TRONCOSO · 2014 to 2026
$51.5M
'T V ASSESSMENT - MEMORY DISORDERED PATIENTS'P50AG005146 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI TRONCOSO, JUAN · 1985 to 2019
$37.6M
Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline among Normal Individuals: The BIOCARD cohortU01AG033655 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI ALBERT, MARILYN S. · 2009 to 2013
$11.2M
NIA NIH HHS P50 AG005146NIA NIH HHS U01 AG033655NIA NIH HHS U19 AG033655
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChanges in neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid may precede mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, these markers are not routinely performed in outpatient clinical visits.

objectiveTo evaluate whether a simple clinical index, consisting of questions given to patients and their informants, could predict the onset of symptoms of MCI among cognitively normal individuals. MATERIALS AND

methodsTwo hundred twenty-two participants in the BIOCARD study received a detailed history, physical examination, and neuropsychological testing annually. An index was calculated by including questions about memory problems, depression, age, education, history of cerebrovascular disease risk factors, and brain injury, family history of dementia, and the Mini-Mental State examination score. Cox regression analyses were used to determine if this index score was related to diagnosis of MCI.

resultsThe BIOCARD Index score mean for individuals who progressed to MCI was 20.3 (SD=2.9), whereas the score for individuals who remained normal was 24.8 (SD=2.3) (P<0.001) [hazard ratio, SE for subsequent diagnosis of MCI=0.75 (0.67 to 0.84); P<0.001].

conclusionsLower BIOCARD Index score predicted symptoms of MCI several years before the MCI diagnosis. The BIOCARD Index can be easily used in clinics to identify cognitively normal older individuals who are at risk for deterioration.

Indexed as

Neuropsychological TestsSurveys and QuestionnairesAgedBiomarkersCognitive DysfunctionDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID28394770
PMCPMC5443710

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.