Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28392976›Full record

ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2017

An Automated Reference Frame Selection (ARFS) Algorithm for Cone Imaging with Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy.

Alexander E Salmon, Robert F Cooper, Christopher S Langlo, Ahmadreza Baghaie, Alfredo Dubra, Joseph Carroll

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Biomedical optics express · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. In Vivo Assessment of Retinal Phenotypes in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Adaptive Optics Imaging of Inherited Retinal Disease.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2023
    Review

2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Alexander E SalmonDepartment of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Robert F CooperDepartment of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Christopher S LangloDepartment of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Ahmadreza BaghaieDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Alfredo DubraDepartment of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; Current affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, 2452 Watson Court, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Joseph CarrollDepartment of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Medical College of Wisconsin · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Milwaukee · US

Funding

MORPHOLOGY MODULEP30EY001931 · NEI · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI BURKE, JANICE M. · 1985 to 2016
$9.8M
Assessing Photoreceptor Structure and Function in Normal and Diseased RetinaeR01EY017607 · NEI · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI Joseph Carroll · 2008 to 2026
$8.3M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM080202 · NIGMS · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI BARBIERI, JOSEPH T, SALZMAN, NITA H · 2010 to 2024
$5.7M
Rresearch Training Program in Vision ScienceT32EY014537 · NEI · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI Elena V Semina · 2002 to 2026
$4.2M
Retinal Versus Cortical Contributions to Vision Loss in AlbinismR01EY024969 · NEI · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI CARROLL, JOSEPH, DEYOE, EDGAR A · 2015 to 2018
$2.0M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001931NEI NIH HHS R01 EY017607NEI NIH HHS R01 EY024969NEI NIH HHS T32 EY014537NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM080202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo develop an automated reference frame selection (ARFS) algorithm to replace the subjective approach of manually selecting reference frames for processing adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) videos of cone photoreceptors.

methodsRelative distortion was measured within individual frames before conducting image-based motion tracking and sorting of frames into distinct spatial clusters. AOSLO images from nine healthy subjects were processed using ARFS and human-derived reference frames, then aligned to undistorted AO-flood images by nonlinear registration and the registration transformations were compared. The frequency at which humans selected reference frames that were rejected by ARFS was calculated in 35 datasets from healthy subjects, and subjects with achromatopsia, albinism, or retinitis pigmentosa. The level of distortion in this set of human-derived reference frames was assessed.

resultsThe average transformation vector magnitude required for registration of AOSLO images to AO-flood images was significantly reduced from 3.33 ± 1.61 pixels when using manual reference frame selection to 2.75 ± 1.60 pixels (mean ± SD) when using ARFS (

conclusionARFS outperforms expert observers in selecting minimally distorted reference frames in AOSLO image sequences. The low success rate in human frame choice illustrates the difficulty in subjectively assessing image distortion. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Manual reference frame selection represented a significant barrier to a fully automated image-processing pipeline (including montaging, cone identification, and metric extraction). The approach presented here will aid in the clinical translation of AOSLO imaging.

Indexed as

adaptive opticscone mosaicimage processingretina

Identifiers

PMID28392976
PMCPMC5381332
OpenAlexW2604803352

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.