Observational studyPreventive medicine2017
Disparities in tobacco marketing and product availability at the point of sale: Results of a national study.
Observational study in Preventive medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05016505 (A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing), which is not on this map. Cited by 93 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Support Smoke-Free Policy Compliance in Public Housing
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between density and proximity of tobacco retail outlets with smoking: A systematic review of youth studies.Health & place · 2021Pooled it
- A new form of nicotine retailers: a systematic review of the sales and marketing practices of vape shops.Tobacco control · 2018Pooled it
- Health-related regional and neighborhood correlates of sexual minority concentration: A systematic review.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Causal effects of point-of-sale cigarette promotions and subjective social status on cigarette craving: a randomised within-person experiment.Tobacco control · 2025Trial
- Blunts versus joints: Cannabis use characteristics and consequences among treatment-seeking adults.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Trial
- The role of social media influencer promotion in initiation and use of cigar, little cigar, cigarillo, and cannabis products among US youth and young adults: Using exogenous marketing exposure measures.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Commercial tobacco retail marketing in rural communities in Appalachian Kentucky, 2024.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Declining cigarette sales and shifts in the US cigarette marketplace from 2016 to 2024: Analysis of market scanner sales data in US convenience stores.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trends in the past 30-day co-use of nicotine/tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis among youth and adults in the PATH study.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Retail Availability of Oral Nicotine Pouches in Three US Cities: A Geographic Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Perceptions of Somali American male young adults in Salt Lake City about social media marketing of e-cigarettes: a pilot study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Population coverage and comprehensiveness of flavoured tobacco sales restrictions in the USA, 2010-2023.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Tobacco retail outlet marketing exposure and growth of e-cigarette and cigarette use over adolescence and early young adulthood.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Perceptions Toward an Attentional Bias Modification Mobile Game Among Individuals With Low Socioeconomic Status Who Smoke: Qualitative Study.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Correlation Among Neighborhood-Level Measures of the Tobacco Retail Environment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional examination of tobacco point-of-sale marketing practices by location and type of retail environment in the District of Columbia.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
- Blunt smoking during emerging adulthood: Characterizing transitions in cannabis and cigar co-use among a diverse cohort in Texas.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Tobacco-cannabis co-use and risk of substance use problems among Black and Hispanic adolescent and young adult females in New York City.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2024Article
- Neighborhood Inequities in Tobacco Product Descriptors, Washington, DC, 2018-2019.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Examining the relationship of flavored tobacco product policy restrictions and flavored tobacco product use, among adolescents and young adults in the U.S.Preventive medicine · 2024Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveNeighborhood socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities exist in the amount and type of tobacco marketing at retail, but most studies are limited to a single city or state, and few have examined flavored little cigars. Our purpose is to describe tobacco product availability, marketing, and promotions in a national sample of retail stores and to examine associations with neighborhood characteristics.
methodsAt a national sample of 2230 tobacco retailers in the contiguous US, we collected in-person store audit data on: Availability of products (e.g., flavored cigars), quantity of interior and exterior tobacco marketing, presence of price promotions, and marketing with youth appeal. Observational data were matched to census tract demographics.
resultsOver 95% of stores displayed tobacco marketing; the average store featured 29.5 marketing materials. 75.1% of stores displayed at least one tobacco product price promotion, including 87.2% of gas/convenience stores and 85.5% of pharmacies. 16.8% of stores featured marketing below three feet, and 81.3% of stores sold flavored cigars, both of which appeal to youth. Stores in neighborhoods with the highest (vs. lowest) concentration of African-American residents had more than two times greater odds of displaying a price promotion (OR=2.1) and selling flavored cigars (OR=2.6). Price promotions were also more common in stores located in neighborhoods with more residents under age 18. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Tobacco companies use retail marketing extensively to promote their products to current customers and youth, with disproportionate targeting of African Americans. Local, state, and federal policies are needed to counteract this unhealthy retail environment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.