ReviewBiological psychiatry2017
Neglect as a Violation of Species-Expectant Experience: Neurodevelopmental Consequences.
Review in Biological psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 291 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological aging in childhood and adolescence following experiences of threat and deprivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of partial correlations between caregiver cognitive stimulation in early childhood and child development.Psychological bulletinPooled it
- Early deprivation alters structural brain development from middle childhood to adolescence.Science advances · 2022Trial
- Early parenting intervention accelerates inhibitory control development among CPS-involved children in middle childhood: A randomized clinical trial.Developmental science · 2021Trial
- Psychosocial deprivation and receptive language ability: a two-sample study.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2020Trial
- Psychiatric outcomes following severe deprivation in early childhood: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial at age 16.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2020Trial
- Social communication deficits following early-life deprivation and relation to psychopathology: a randomized clinical trial of foster care.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2020Trial
- Adolescent cognitive control and mediofrontal theta oscillations are disrupted by neglect: Associations with transdiagnostic risk for psychopathology in a randomized controlled trial.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2020Trial
- The Consequences of Foster Care Versus Institutional Care in Early Childhood on Adolescent Cardiometabolic and Immune Markers: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.Psychosomatic medicine · 2019Trial
- Early deprivation disruption of associative learning is a developmental pathway to depression and social problems.Nature communications · 2018Trial
- Childhood Trauma and Social Skills in Residential Care Youth: the Roles of Coping Strategies and Self-efficacy.Journal of child & adolescent trauma · 2026Article
- The Transdiagnostic Association Between Childhood Trauma and Accelerated Brain Aging in Two Independent Datasets.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- The microglial TREM2 receptor programs hippocampal development in a mouse model of childhood deprivation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- A protocol for the Teen Bugs study: An integrative, multi-omics approach to understanding the role of the gut microbiome and mesocorticolimbic system in adolescent mental health following early adverse caregiving.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Psychiatric and medical profiles of children receiving health protection measures in a tertiary care facility: A five-year analysis.Dusunen adam : Bakirkoy Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi yayin organi · 2026Article
- Polyvictimization Profiles and Variations in Youth Mental Health Symptoms: A Person-Centered Approach.Child maltreatment · 2026Article
- Causal Effects of Enhanced Parenting on Resting-State Graph Properties of Adolescents at Risk for Maltreatment.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Rethinking cardiac neurodevelopment: a dimensional model of adversity in congenital heart disease.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- The effect of the "exposome" on developmental brain health and cognitive outcomes.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Early adversity alters brain architecture and increases susceptibility to mental health disorders.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The human brain requires a wide variety of experiences and environmental inputs in order to develop normally. Children who are neglected by caregivers or raised in institutional environments are deprived of numerous types of species-expectant environmental experiences. In this review, we articulate a model of how the absence of cognitive stimulation and sensory, motor, linguistic, and social experiences common among children raised in deprived early environments constrains early forms of learning, producing long-term deficits in complex cognitive function and associative learning. Building on evidence from animal models, we propose that deprivation accelerates the neurodevelopmental process of synaptic pruning and limits myelination, resulting in age-specific reductions in cortical thickness and white matter integrity among children raised in deprived early environments. We review evidence linking early experiences of psychosocial deprivation to reductions in cognitive ability, associative and implicit learning, language skills, and executive functions as well as atypical patterns of cortical and white matter development-domains that should be profoundly influenced by deprivation through the learning and neural mechanisms we propose. These patterns of atypical development are difficult to explain with existing models that emphasize stress pathways and accelerated limbic system development. A learning account of how deprived early environments influence cognitive and neural development provides a complementary perspective to stress models and highlights novel pathways through which deprivation might confer risk for internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. We end by reviewing evidence for plasticity in cognitive and neural development among children raised in deprived environments following interventions that improve caregiving quality.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.