ArticleNitric oxide : biology and chemistry2017
Measuring nitrate reductase activity from human and rodent tongues.
Article in Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Impact of lifestyle factors on salivary nitrite and nitrate concentrations in overweight/obese individuals.Archives of oral biology · 2026Article
- Sodium nitrate supplementation prevents beneficial cardiac adaptations to running in female mice with few effects on male hearts.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Role of oral and gut microbiomes in enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and their effects on systemic disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The effects of ecdysterone and enalapril on nitric oxide synthesis and the markers of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats: a comparative study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Skeletal Muscle, Skin, and Bone as Three Major Nitrate Reservoirs in Mammals: Chemiluminescence andNutrients · 2024Article
- Psychological Stress and its relationship to Periodontal flora and salivary Nitrite/Nitrate.International dental journal · 2024Article
- Facilitating Nitrite-Derived S-Nitrosothiol Formation in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in the Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Investigating the association between nitrate dosing and nitrite generation by the human oral microbiota in continuous culture.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Saliva nitrite is higher in male children with autism spectrum disorder and positively correlated with serum nitrate.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2021Article
- Endogenous Hemoprotein-Dependent Signaling Pathways of Nitric Oxide and Nitrite.Inorganic chemistry · 2021Review
- Current Knowledge on Beetroot Bioactive Compounds: Role of Nitrate and Betalains in Health and Disease.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Preliminary functional analysis of the subgingival microbiota of cats with periodontitis and feline chronic gingivostomatitis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Potential role for age as a modulator of oral nitrate reductase activity.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2021Article
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with reduced oral nitrate reductase activity in extremely preterm infants.Redox biology · 2021Article
- Chronic cardiac structural damage, diastolic and systolic dysfunction following acute myocardial injury due to bromine exposure in rats.Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Bromine inhalation mimics ischemia-reperfusion cardiomyocyte injury and calpain activation in rats.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2019Article
- Nitrite and nitrate chemical biology and signalling.British journal of pharmacology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Reduction of salivary nitrate to nitrite by oral microbes expressing nitrate-reductase has emerged as a crucial pathway in systemic NO homeostasis in humans and other mammals. Selective depletion of oral microbes prevents dietary nitrate-dependent lowering of blood pressure, inhibition of platelet aggregation and ischemic injury. To date, most studies interrogate enterosalivary nitrate reduction by following changes in saliva or plasma nitrite and NO-signaling (functional) end points. Little is known about whether, and if so how, nitrate-reductase enzymatic activity per se (i.e. independent of nitrate levels) is a variable and may account for any individual to individual variation. Here, we describe a minimally invasive protocol that allows for NR activity determination from human, rat and mouse tongue scrapes/swabs. We validate this method using selective application of antiseptic agents to the distal tongue surface which decreased NR activity by >80% and show that bacterial number is a significant variable in measured NR activities between males and females. Also, we show that NR activity is >80% lower in smokers (humans) and after bromine gas exposure (mice), suggesting that exposure to inhaled reactive substances inhibit NR activity identifying a potentially new mechanism by which environmental toxicants promote dysfunction in NO-bioavailability. The described method will facilitate studies testing whether NR specific activity is a variable in different pathophysiologic settings, and in turn how this activity modulates enterosalivary nitrate-reduction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.