ArticleMedical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research2017
Long-Term Kinetics of Immunologic Components and Neurological Deficits in Rats Following Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.
Article in Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Regulatory T lymphocytes in traumatic brain injury.Neurochemistry international · 2024Review
- Co-transplantation of autologous TNature · 2023Article
- Inhibition of Exosome Release Alleviates Cognitive Impairment After Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- T-cell infiltration, contribution and regulation in the central nervous system post-traumatic injury.Cell proliferation · 2021Review
- Combination therapy with Treg and mesenchymal stromal cells enhances potency and attenuation of inflammation after traumatic brain injury compared to monotherapy.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2021Article
- Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury affects inflammation and excitotoxic mRNA expression at acute and chronic time-points.PloS one · 2021Article
- The Peripheral Immune System and Traumatic Brain Injury: Insight into the role of T-helper cells.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Review
- Human cord blood-derived regulatory T-cell therapy modulates the central and peripheral immune response after traumatic brain injury.Stem cells translational medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in Acute Neuroinflammation after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Are Mediated by Infiltrating Myeloid Cells.Journal of neurotrauma · 2019Article
- The neurobiological effects of repetitive head impacts in collision sports.Neurobiology of disease · 2019Review
- Chronic Alterations in Systemic Immune Function after Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing awareness of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI), understanding of the involvement of long-term kinetics of immunologic components in the central and peripheral immune system took part remains incomplete. The present study aimed to provide a quantitative assay for certain immune system parameters in rmTBI rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Neurological functions were assessed by modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and Morris Water Maze (MWM), immunologic components from brain and peripheral blood were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM), and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were measure by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Neurological functions of rmTBI rats were seriously impaired. In the brain, T cells were up-regulated and peaked at week 1. The percentage of CD4+ T cells decreased from week 1 to week 4, while CD8+ T cells notably decreased at week 1, then increased until week 4. The infiltration proportion of Treg cells was reduced at week 1 and peaked at week 2. CD86+/CD11b+ M1 peaked at week 4 and CD206+/CD11b+ M2 rose at week 1. IL-6/IL-10 showed a similar pattern, whose rise corresponded to the decrease in TNF-α at week 2 after rmTBI. FCM demonstrated peripheral immune dysfunction after rmTBI. CONCLUSIONS mNSS and MWM demonstrated neuronal deficits in rmTBI rats, and central and peripheral immune systems were implicated in the pathophysiological processes of rmTBI. Long-term immune response may play dual roles in injury and repair of rmTBI.
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