ArticleBMC women's health2017
Breast cancer in Iraq is associated with a unimodally distributed predominance of luminal type B over luminal type A surrogates from young to old age.
Article in BMC women's health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Geriatric Breast Cancer: Staging, Molecular Surrogates, and Treatment. A Review & Meta-analysis.Aging and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Identifying hormone receptor-positive breast cancer subtypes with recurrence scores derived from pathological data without Ki-67 indices: a clinicopathological study of breast cancer survival in West Asia.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Arab Cultural Barriers That Influence Muslim Arab Iraqi Women's Breast Cancer Screening Behavior.European journal of breast health · 2022Article
- Development of new bioactive molecules to treat breast and lung cancer with natural myricetin and its derivatives: A computational and SAR approach.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using Computational Intelligence Models and IoT Applications.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
- Trends in Breast Cancer Incidence in Iraq During the Period 2000-2019.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Effects of bodybuilding supplements on the kidney: A population-based incidence study of biopsy pathology and clinical characteristics among middle eastern men.BMC nephrology · 2020Article
- Comparison of Clinico-Pathological Presentations of Triple-Negative versus Triple-Positive and HER2 Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients.Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Middle East Is Characterized by Low Incidence Rates With Advancing Age.Journal of global oncology · 2019Article
- Interrelation of the Circulating and Tissue MicroRNA-21 with Tissue PDCD4 Expression and the Invasiveness of Iraqi Female Breast Tumors.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2019Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer has recently increased in post-menopausal Iraqi women. In Western countries at high-risk for breast cancer, there is a bimodal increase in estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors with a peak of low proliferation rate luminal A over higher proliferation rate luminal B tumors after 60 years of age. The aim of this study was to analyze in Iraqi women whether shifts are occurring in immunohistochemical (IHC) surrogates of molecular breast cancer subtypes toward a high-risk profile.
methodsAge specific and age standardized womens breast cancer incidence was estimated for the years 2006 through 2012. IHC results of ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67 testing were analyzed on the breast cancers of 125 Arabic and 725 Kurdish women by frequency of distribution and by age.
resultsBetween 2006 and 2012, age standardized incidence of breast cancer in Iraq increased from 30 to 40/100,000 women with the increase specifically occurring in women ≥ 60 years old (P < 0.001). Breast cancers in Kurdish women ≥ 60 years old may also have increased (P = 0.047) with urban exceeding rural rates by 2:1. For both Kurdish and Arabic women, there was a marked predominance of luminal B tumors at all ages in which luminal B and luminal A tumors were asymmetric skewed toward older age but with no late luminal A age peak.
conclusionsOlder Iraqi women do not show the bimodal shift toward higher rates of luminal A breast cancers seen in the West. The modest increase in age standardized incidence of breast cancer in Iraqi is being seen specifically in older women and may be better attributed to a trend for care in urban cancer centers rather than changing tumor characteristics.
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