ArticlePloS one2017
Association between diabetic foot ulcer and diabetic retinopathy.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot ulcer in patients with diabetes: A meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and diabetic foot ulcers in adult inpatients with type 2 diabetes at hospital admission.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Article
- Radial peripapillary capillary changes and retinal nerve fiber layer alterations in diabetic foot ulcers with mild-to-moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: an OCTA study.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy and risk of limb complications in individuals with diabetic eye disease.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2025Article
- Investigating serum NRF2 as a screening biomarker and potential therapeutic target in diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective observational study.European journal of medical research · 2025Observational
- Linking diabetic retinopathy with foot ulcer severity among diabetic patients.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Assessing the Features of Diabetic Foot Ulcers among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Thi Qar, Iraq.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Diabetic Retinopathy Leading to Blindness- A Review.Current diabetes reviews · 2024Review
- Emerging technologies for the management of diabetic foot ulceration: a review.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2024Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy among people with diabetes screened using fundus photography at a community diabetic retinopathy screening program in Nepal.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications-risks and mitigation.The EPMA journal · 2023Review
- Keeping an eye on the diabetic foot: The connection between diabetic eye disease and wound healing in the lower extremity.World journal of diabetes · 2022Review
- Study on the Development of a Conceptual Framework to Identify the Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients: A Concept Paper.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Relationship between diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy - Neurodegenerative and microvascular changes.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Risk factors associated with lower extremity amputation in Sudanese individuals with diabetes: The need for improvement in primary health care system.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Article
- Differentiation of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Stimulation of Myogenic Oscillations by Transient Ischemia.Vascular health and risk management · 2021Article
- Correlation Between Extracutaneous Microvascular Complications and Diabetic Foot Ulcers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2020Article
- Wound healing efficacy of Jamun honey in diabetic mice model through reepithelialization, collagen deposition and angiogenesis.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2020Article
- Factors predicting final visual outcome in quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe aimed to investigate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and elucidate the association between DR and DFU severities and their shared risk factors.
methodsA retrospective review was conducted on DFU patients who underwent ophthalmic and vascular examinations within 6 months; 100 type 2 diabetic patients with DFU were included. The medical records of 2496 type 2 diabetic patients without DFU served as control data. DR prevalence and severity were assessed in DFU patients. DFU patients were compared with the control group regarding each clinical variable. Additionally, DFU patients were divided into two groups according to DR severity and compared.
resultsOut of 100 DFU patients, 90 patients (90%) had DR and 55 (55%) had proliferative DR (PDR). There was no significant association between DR and DFU severities (R = 0.034, p = 0.734). A multivariable analysis comparing type 2 diabetic patients with and without DFUs showed that the presence of DR [OR, 226.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 58.07-880.49; p < 0.001] and proliferative DR [OR, 306.27; 95% CI, 64.35-1457.80; p < 0.001), higher HbA1c (%, OR, 1.97, 95% CI, 1.46-2.67; p < 0.001), higher serum creatinine (mg/dL, OR, 1.62, 95% CI, 1.06-2.50; p = 0.027), older age (years, OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.17; p < 0.001), higher pulse pressure (mmHg, OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.06; p = 0.025), lower cholesterol (mg/dL, OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.97; p < 0.001), lower BMI (kg/m2, OR, 0.87, 95% CI, 0.75-1.00; p = 0.044) and lower hematocrit (%, OR, 0.80, 95% CI, 0.74-0.87; p < 0.001) were associated with DFUs. In a subgroup analysis of DFU patients, the PDR group had a longer duration of diabetes mellitus, higher serum BUN, and higher serum creatinine than the non-PDR group. In the multivariable analysis, only higher serum creatinine was associated with PDR in DFU patients (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.05-1.78; p = 0.021).
conclusionsDiabetic retinopathy is prevalent in patients with DFU and about half of DFU patients had PDR. No significant association was found in terms of the severity of these two diabetic complications. To prevent blindness, patients with DFU, and especially those with high serum creatinine, should undergo retinal examinations for timely PDR diagnosis and management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.