ArticlePloS one2017
Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in serum and DNA load in saliva are not associated with radiological or clinical disease activity in patients with early multiple sclerosis.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD4Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Epstein-barr virus and multiple sclerosis: from pathogenesis and diagnosis to EBV-specific T cell therapy and gene-targeted therapeutics.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Review
- Retrospective In Silico Analysis of Routine Laboratory Data Supports a Specific Association of Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus infection and vitamin D deficiency are both "causal" for multiple sclerosis (MS) - could the common denominator be their effects on hepcidin levels?Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- The case for targeting latent and lytic Epstein-Barr virus infection in multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- HHV-6 and EBV reactivation in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: Disability, progression, and inflammation links.iScience · 2025Article
- Relevance of Saliva Analyses in Terms of Etiological Factors, Biomarkers, and Indicators of Disease Course in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Serum Concentrations of Chemokines CCL20, CXCL8 and CXCL10 in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis and Their Association with Presence of Antibodies against Epstein-Barr Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Negative association between multiple sclerosis immunogenetic profile and in silico immunogenicities of 12 viruses.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Markers of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- An Update on Diagnostic Laboratory Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2022Review
- Antibody indices of infectious pathogens from serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2022Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus and multiple sclerosis in a Spanish cohort: A two-years longitudinal study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Evolution of antibody titres against Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6A/B and expression of multiple sclerosis-associated retrovirus in the serum of pregnant multiple sclerosis patients.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The CD8 T Cell-Epstein-Barr Virus-B Cell Trialogue: A Central Issue in Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Complete Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity in a large cohort of patients with early multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2020Article
- Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus in Multiple Sclerosis: Theory and Emerging Immunotherapies.Trends in molecular medicine · 2020Review
- CD70 Deficiency Associated With Chronic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, Recurrent Airway Infections and Severe Gingivitis in a 24-Year-Old Woman.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- A comparison of brain magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis by race with reference to disability progression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies in serum as well as EBV DNA load in saliva with radiological and clinical disease activity in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and early relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
methodsEBNA-1 and VCA immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibodies were determined in serum of 100 patients with CIS/early RRMS and 60 healthy controls. EBV DNA load was measured in saliva of 48 patients and 50 controls. Patients underwent clinical assessment with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after a median of 20 months of follow-up (n = 63 for MRI, n = 71 for EDSS). The association of EBV parameters with occurrence of a second relapse, indicating conversion to clinically definite MS (CDMS), was evaluated over a median of 35 months of follow-up after the first clinical event (n = 89).
resultsEBNA-1 IgG antibody frequency (p = 0.00005) and EBNA-1 and VCA IgG antibody levels (p<0.0001 for both) were higher in patients than in controls. EBV DNA load in saliva did not differ between groups. Neither EBV antibody levels nor DNA load in saliva were associated with baseline or follow-up number or volume of T2-weighted (T2w) or contrast enhancing lesions, number of Barkhof criteria or the EDSS, or with the number of new T2w lesions, T2w lesion volume change or EDSS change on follow-up. Likewise, levels of EBV IgG antibodies in serum and DNA load in saliva were not associated with conversion to CDMS.
conclusionsWhile these findings confirm the association of EBV infection with early MS, neither EBNA-1 nor VCA IgG antibodies in serum nor EBV DNA load in saliva were associated with radiological or clinical disease activity in patients with CIS/early RRMS. These data are compatible with the concept that EBV may be a trigger for MS acting very early during the development of the disease.
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