ArticleOncotarget2017
Preferential accumulation of regulatory T cells with highly immunosuppressive characteristics in breast tumor microenvironment.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04781764 (The Study of Microglia/Macrophages Involved Dynamic Evolution of Glioma Microenvironment and the Function and Visualization of Targeted Molecules of Glioma), which is not on this map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Study of Microglia/Macrophages Involved Dynamic Evolution of Glioma Microenvironment and the Function and Visualization of Targeted Molecules of Glioma
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- TP53 deficiency in AML induces resistance to T-cell engagers through an immunosuppressive secretome.Leukemia · 2026Article
- Fibronectin Is a Likely Therapeutic Target Shared by Oral and Breast Carcinomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The spatial immune landscape predicts outcome and reveals the central role of tumor-associated macrophages in inflammatory breast cancer biology.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-based shikonin delivery strategies for modulating the tumor immune microenvironment efficacy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
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- Comprehensive Analysis of JCHAIN as a Potential Prognostic Factor for Breast Cancer and an Indicator for Tumor Microenvironment.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Investigation of the CTLA-4-CD28 Axis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Co-targeting of epigenetic regulators and BCL-XL improves efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in multiple solid tumors.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Expression of VISTA on T cells in patients with cancer colon.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Modulating the Immune Microenvironment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The clinical potential of PDL-1 pathway and some related micro-RNAs as promising diagnostic markers for breast cancer.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Targeting CDK4/6 in breast cancer.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- SHR-1806, a robust OX40 agonist to promote T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Article
- High CTLA-4 gene expression is an independent good prognosis factor in breast cancer patients, especially in the HER2-enriched subtype.Cancer cell international · 2024Article
- Impact of anti leukemia inhibitory factor antibody on immune related gene expression in breast cancer Balb/c mouse model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The pathogenic response of cytotoxic T‑lymphocytes, a common therapeutic target for cancer, has a direct impact on treatment outcomes (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Progression.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2024Review
- Tissue and circulating biomarkers of benefit to immunotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) have an ambiguous role in breast cancer prognosis, with studies reporting both positive and negative correlations between Treg infiltration and prognosis. This discrepancy could be due to the different immunosuppressive molecules present in these cells. In the present study, we phenotypically characterize different Treg subsets infiltrating the tumor microenvironment (TME), compared to adjacent normal tissue and peripheral blood of primary breast cancer (PBC) patients. We report that the majority of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have terminally exhaustive phenotype as assessed by CD39 and PD-1 expressions. We also show that Tregs are accumulated in breast TME compared to normal tissue. Further characterization of Tregs showed that these are mainly FoxP3+Helios+ and express high levels of CTLA-4 and PD-1. This preferential accumulation of FoxP3+Helios+ Treg subset with co-expression of different immune inhibitory molecules might have a negative effect on breast cancer prognosis. Taken together, our results suggest that breast tumor cells might utilize Tregs, and different suppressive pathways involving CD39, PD-1 and CTLA-4 molecules in creating an immune-subversive environment for them to survive, and a dual blockade of these immunosuppressive molecules might be considered as an effective method in breast cancer treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.