Trial reportPain medicine (Malden, Mass.)2018
Endocannabinoid and Opioid System Interactions in Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia.
Trial report in Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05142267 (Stress and Opioid Misuse Risk), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stress and Opioid Misuse Risk: The Role of Endogenous Opioid and Endocannabinoid Mechanisms
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of physical activity-based interventions to prevent or reduce chronic post-surgical pain.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Exercise on the Endocannabinoid System.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2022Pooled it
- Low-intensity exercise reduces negative affect via circulating endocannabinoid dynamics in healthy young adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Effects of an internet-based combined exercise and cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention on endocannabinoid system biomarkers and physical fitness in adults with mild-to-moderate depression: a SONRIE randomized controlled trial.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Trial
- Modulation of pain perceptions following treadmill running with different intensities in females.Physiological reports · 2023Trial
- Sub-maximal endurance exercise does not mediate alterations of somatosensory thresholds.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Physical Activity Before, During, and After the School Day and Its Impact on Positive Psychological Variables: A Systematic Review and Practical Guide.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Physical exercise promotes prosocial behavior in college students through a chain mediation of peer relationships and positive empathy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Does transcranial direct current stimulation enhance the hypoalgesic effect of exercise?Sports medicine and health science · 2026Article
- Article
- Chronic low back pain and exercise: a molecular perspective on aerobic and anaerobic core training.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- How Do Peripheral Neurons and Glial Cells Participate in Pain Alleviation by Physical Activity?Cells · 2025Review
- Personality and Its Influence on Pain Sensitivity Based on Different Hormonal Responses to Individual vs. Group Exercise Styles.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Beneficial Effects of Exercise in Neuropathic Pain: An Overview of the Mechanisms Involved.Pain research & management · 2025Review
- Reliability of Pain Thresholds and Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia Following 45-Degree Roman Chair Exercise.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Investigating endocannabinoid system and subjective responses to exercise in cancer patients: Rationale and future research directions.JSAMS plus · 2024Review
- Opposite effects of isometric exercise on pain sensitivity of healthy individuals: the role of pain modulation.Pain reports · 2024Article
- Preoperative decreased physical activity is associated with greater postoperative pain: the mediating role of preoperative sleep disturbance.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between the endogenous opioid and endocannabinoid (eCB) systems in a pain modulatory process known as exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Clinical research unit in a hospital. Subjects: Fifty-eight healthy men and women (mean age = 21 ± 3 years) participated in this study. Methods: Participants were administered (randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced procedure) an opioid antagonist (i.e., naltrexone) and a placebo prior to performing pain testing and isometric exercise. Results: Results indicated that 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG) increased significantly (P < 0.05) following exercise in both placebo and naltrexone conditions. In comparison, N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) and oleoylethanolamine (OEA) increased significantly (P < 0.05) following exercise in the placebo condition but not the naltrexone condition. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in palmitolethanolamine (PEA) between the placebo and naltrexone conditions. Conclusions: As reductions in pain (i.e., EIH) were observed following both conditions, these results suggest that the opioid system may not be the primary system involved in exercise-induced hypoalgesia and that 2-AG and 2-OG could contribute to nonopioid exercise-induced hypoalgesia. Moreover, as exercise-induced increases in AEA and OEA were blocked by naltrexone pretreatment, this suggests that the opioid system may be involved in the increase of AEA and OEA following exercise.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.