ReviewFrontiers in immunology2017
RNA Interference-Induced Innate Immunity, Off-Target Effect, or Immune Adjuvant?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Liposomal delivery of gene therapy for ovarian cancer: a systematic review.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2023Pooled it
- Radiation therapy for triple-negative breast cancer: emerging role of microRNAs as biomarkers and radiosensitivity modifiers. A systematic review.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and Pharmacokinetics of SRN001, a Novel siRNA Drug Targeting Amphiregulin via the SAMiRNA Platform.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Weekly treatment with SAMiRNA targeting the androgen receptor ameliorates androgenetic alopecia.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Comparative analysis of clinically approved lipid nanoparticles for intranasal siRNA delivery against SARS-CoV-2.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- RNAi-based therapeutics targeting the F gene in human metapneumovirus: An in-silico approach.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics-Guided Design and Safety Engineering of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics: From Molecular Perturbation to Predictive Toxicology and Precision Translation.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Review
- Review
- Imaging and safety profiling of inhaled siRNA RyR2 in human respiratory models.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Literature-derived serum miRNA signatures associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: integrated analysis and machine learning-based diagnostic modeling.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Template-Directed RIG-I Agonist Assembly for Image-guided Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy.Molecular imaging and biology · 2026Article
- Non-Targeting shRNA-Encoded Plasmid DNA Enhances Protective Immunity Through RIDD-RIG-I Signaling Pathway in the Zika Virus Animal Model.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- PANoptosis as a drug discovery framework: integrating cell death architecture with clinical translation.Genes and immunity · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle based siRNA therapeutics for ovarian cancer overcoming drug resistance and future directions.Discover nano · 2026Review
- RNA-Based Therapies for Inherited Metabolic Disorders.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Review
- Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) as a Targeted Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Evidence from Experimental Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Effects of RNAi-by-feeding on DNA methyltransferases inEnvironmental epigenetics · 2026Article
- Nanotherapy Targeting miR-10b Improves Survival in Orthotopic Glioblastoma Models.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. In the last decade, RNAi has become a cornerstone in basic biological systems research and drug development efforts. The RNAi-based manipulation of mammalian cells facilitates target identification and validation; assists in identifying human disease etiologies; and expedites the development of treatments for infectious diseases, cancer, and other conditions. Several RNAi-based approaches are currently undergoing assessment in phase I and II clinical trials. However, RNAi-associated immune stimulation might act as a hurdle to safe and effective RNAi, particularly in clinical applications. The induction of innate immunity may originate from small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequence-dependent delivery vehicles and even the RNAi process itself. However, in the case of antagonistic cancers and viral infection, immune activation is beneficial; thus, immunostimulatory small interfering RNAs were designed to create bifunctional small molecules with RNAi and immunostimulatory activities. This review summarizes the research studies of RNAi-associated immune stimulation and the approaches for manipulating immunostimulatory activities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.