ArticlePsychology & health2018
Cigarette graphic warning labels increase both risk perceptions and smoking myth endorsement.
Article in Psychology & health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effectiveness of graphic health warnings on tobacco products: a systematic review on perceived harm and quit intentions.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Mediational Effects on Motivation to Quit Smoking After Exposure to a Cigarette Pictorial Warning Label Among Young Adults.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022Trial
- Higher negative emotions in response to cigarette pictorial warning labels predict higher quit intentions among smokers.Tobacco control · 2020Trial
- Improving Adherence to Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Randomized Intervention to Compare Screener vs. Survivor Narratives.Journal of health communication · 2019Trial
- Which visual elements on packaging affect perceived credibility? A case study of in vitro diagnostic kits.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of warning graphic labels on cigarette packs in enhancing late-teenagers' perceived fear of smoking-related harms in Bangkok, Thailand.Journal of public health research · 2021Article
- Numeracy and memory for risk probabilities and risk outcomes depicted on cigarette warning labels.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2020Article
- Research on Youth and Young Adult Tobacco Use, 2013-2018, From the Food and Drug Administration-National Institutes of Health Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
- Waterpipe tobacco package warning exposure's impact on risk perceptions and use among young adults in the USA: a longitudinal analysis of the population assessment of tobacco and health study.Tobacco control · 2019Article
- Pictorial Warning Labels and Memory for Cigarette Health-risk Information Over Time.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2019Article
- Impact of warning labels on sugar-sweetened beverages on parental selection: An online experimental study.Preventive medicine reports · 2018Article
- Negative affect, message reactance and perceived risk: how do pictorial cigarette pack warnings change quit intentions?Tobacco control · 2018Article
- Path analysis of warning label effects on negative emotions and quit attempts: A longitudinal study of smokers in Australia, Canada, Mexico, and the US.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCigarette graphic warning labels elicit negative emotion, which increases risk perceptions through multiple processes. We examined whether this emotion simultaneously affects motivated cognitions like smoking myth endorsement (e.g. 'exercise can undo the negative effects of smoking') and perceptions of cigarette danger versus other products.
design736 adult and 469 teen smokers/vulnerable smokers viewed one of three warning label types (text-only, low emotion graphic or high emotion graphic) four times over two weeks.
main outcome measuresEmotional reactions to the warnings were reported during the first and fourth exposures. Participants reported how often they considered the warnings, smoking myth endorsement, risk perceptions and perceptions of cigarette danger relative to smokeless tobacco and electronic cigarettes.
resultsIn structural equation models, emotional reactions influenced risk perceptions and smoking myth endorsement through two processes. Emotion acted as information about risk, directly increasing smoking risk perceptions and decreasing smoking myth endorsement. Emotion also acted as a spotlight, motivating consideration of the warning information. Warning consideration increased risk perceptions, but also increased smoking myth endorsement. Emotional reactions to warnings decreased perceptions of cigarette danger relative to other products.
conclusionsEmotional reactions to cigarette warnings increase smoking risk perceptions, but also smoking myth endorsement and misperceptions that cigarettes are less dangerous than potentially harm-reducing tobacco products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.