ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2017
Weight History and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Three Prospective Cohort Studies.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Observational Evidence for Unintentional Weight Loss in All-Cause Mortality and Major Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Weight change and mortality: Long-term results from the trials of hypertension prevention.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2018Trial
- Optimization of the Hockey Fans in Training (Hockey FIT) weight loss and healthy lifestyle program for male hockey fans.BMC public health · 2017Trial
- Screening, Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Staging of Obesity in Adults: Standards of Care in Overweight and Obesity-2026.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Review
- Six anthropometric indices and all-cause mortality in ageing populations: an observational cohort study in six longitudinal studies.BMC public health · 2026Observational
- Association of Dietary Acid Load with Metabolic Syndrome-Related Parameters Following Eating Habit Modification in Korean Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The role of cardiovascular risk factors on educational and regional inequalities in mortality in Spain 2016-2022: An analysis using multiple causes of death.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Depression and Obesity.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Common Non-Rheumatic Medical Conditions Mimicking Fibromyalgia: A Simple Framework for Differential Diagnosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Reduction of prevalence of patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome with tirzepatide: a post hoc analysis from the SURPASS Clinical Trial Program.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Association of Later-Life Weight Changes With Survival to Ages 90, 95, and 100: The Women's Health Initiative.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- The psychological legacy of past obesity and early mortality: evidence from two longitudinal studies.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- The association between body fatness and mortality among breast cancer survivors: results from a prospective cohort study.European journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- A Stratified Analysis of the Risk Associated With Low Body Mass Index for Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2023Article
- Subtyping Patients With Chronic Disease Using Longitudinal BMI Patterns.IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2023Article
- Trends in deaths and disability-adjusted life-years of stroke attributable to high body-mass index worldwide, 1990-2019.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Body mass index affects kidney transplant outcomes: A cohort study over 5 years using a steroid sparing protocol.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Observational
- The Promising First Cohort Study in Korean Patients with Obesity and Overweight: Gangwon Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Study.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2022Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality is controversial.
objectiveTo investigate the relationship between maximum BMI over 16 years and subsequent mortality.
design3 prospective cohort studies.
settingNurses' Health Study I and II and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.
participants225 072 men and women with 32 571 deaths observed over a mean of 12.3 years of follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: Maximum BMI over 16 years of weight history and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
resultsMaximum BMIs in the overweight (25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2) (multivariate hazard ratio [HR], 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.08]), obese I (30.0 to 34.9 kg/m2) (HR, 1.24 [CI, 1.20 to 1.29]), and obese II (≥35.0 kg/m2) (HR, 1.73 [CI, 1.66 to 1.80]) categories were associated with increases in risk for all-cause death. The pattern of excess risk with a maximum BMI above normal weight was maintained across strata defined by smoking status, sex, and age, but the excess was greatest among those younger than 70 years and never-smokers. In contrast, a significant inverse association between overweight and mortality (HR, 0.96 [CI, 0.94 to 0.99]) was observed when BMI was defined using a single baseline measurement. Maximum overweight was also associated with increased cause-specific mortality, including death from cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. LIMITATION: Residual confounding and misclassification.
conclusionThe paradoxical association between overweight and mortality is reversed in analyses incorporating weight history. Maximum BMI may be a useful metric to minimize reverse causation bias associated with a single baseline BMI assessment. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institutes of Health.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.