ArticleJournal of plant research2017
Diverse origins of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of chloroplast peptidoglycan.
Article in Journal of plant research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic and enzymological evidence for plastid peptidoglycan synthesis in the gymnosperm Picea abies.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Molecular and biochemical insights from natural and engineered photosynthetic endosymbiotic systems.Current opinion in chemical biology · 2025Review
- Genomic and biochemical analyses of lipid biosynthesis in Cyanophora paradoxa: limited role of the chloroplast in fatty acid synthesis.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- How Did Thylakoids Emerge in Cyanobacteria, and How Were the Primary Chloroplast and Chromatophore Acquired?Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Incompatibility and Interchangeability in Molecular Evolution.Genome biology and evolution · 2023Review
- Plant peptidoglycan precursor biosynthesis: Conservation between moss chloroplasts and Gram-negative bacteria.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Genes encoding lipid II flippase MurJ and peptidoglycan hydrolases are required for chloroplast division in the moss Physcomitrella patens.Plant molecular biology · 2021Article
- Are Cyanobacteria an Ancestor of Chloroplasts or Just One of the Gene Donors for Plants and Algae?Genes · 2021Article
- AP2/ERF transcription factors regulate salt-induced chloroplast division in the moss Physcomitrella patens.Journal of plant research · 2020Article
- The Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis GeneGenes · 2020Article
- Building peptidoglycan inside eukaryotic cells: A view from symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria.Molecular microbiology · 2020Review
- Complex origins of chloroplast membranes with photosynthetic machineries: multiple transfers of genes from divergent organisms at different times or a single endosymbiotic event?Journal of plant research · 2020Article
- Article
- Analysis of an improved Cyanophora paradoxa genome assembly.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2019Article
- "Prokaryotic Pathway" Is Not Prokaryotic: Noncyanobacterial Origin of the Chloroplast Lipid Biosynthetic Pathway Revealed by Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analysis.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chloroplasts are believed to be descendants of ancestral cyanobacteria that had peptidoglycan layer between the outer and the inner membranes. Historically, the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa and the rhizopod Paulinella chromatophora were believed to harbor symbiotic cyanobacteria having peptidoglycan, which were conventionally named "cyanelles". In addition, the complete set of genes involved in the synthesis of peptidoglycan has been found in the moss Physcomitrella patens and some plants and algae. The presence of peptidoglycan-like structures was demonstrated by a new metabolic labeling technique in P. patens. However, many green algae and all known red algae lack peptidoglycan-related genes. That is the reason why we questioned the origin of peptidoglycan-synthesizing enzymes in the chloroplasts of the green algae and plants. We performed phylogenetic analysis of ten enzymes involved in the synthesis of peptidoglycan exploiting the Gclust homolog clusters and additional genomic data. As expected, all the identified genes encoded in the chromatophore genome of P. chromatophora were closely related to cyanobacterial homologs. In the green algae and plants, only two genes, murA and mraY, were found to be closely related to cyanobacterial homologs. The origins of all other genes were diverse. Unfortunately, the origins of C. paradoxa genes were not clearly determined because of incompleteness of published genomic data. We discuss on the probable evolutionary scenarios to explain the mostly non-cyanobacterial origins of the biosynthetic enzymes of chloroplast peptidoglycan: A plausible one includes extensive multiple horizontal gene transfers during the early evolution of Viridiplantae.
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