ArticleImmunogenetics2017
Evolutionary and polymorphism analyses reveal the central role of BTN3A2 in the concerted evolution of the BTN3 gene family.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bidirectional association between immune-mediated diseases and major depressive disorder: evidence from cohort, genome-wide pleiotropic, and experimental studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- A genetic study to identify pathogenic mechanisms and drug targets for benign prostatic hyperplasia: a multi-omics Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Unsynchronized butyrophilin molecules dictate cancer cell evasion of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell killing.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Article
- A distinct topology of BTN3A IgV and B30.2 domains controlled by juxtamembrane regions favors optimal human γδ T cell phosphoantigen sensing.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Mendelian randomization integrating GWAS and eQTL data revealed genes pleiotropically associated with major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance of BTN3A Proteins in Tumors.Journal of Cancer · 2021Review
- Review
- Alpaca (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Analysis of macaque BTN3A genes and transcripts in the extended MHC: conserved orthologs of human γδ T cell modulators.Immunogenetics · 2019Article
- Identification of the primate-specific gene BTN3A2 as an additional schizophrenia risk gene in the MHC loci.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- Review
- The Armadillo (Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The butyrophilin 3 (BTN3) receptors are implicated in the T lymphocytes regulation and present a wide plasticity in mammals. In order to understand how these genes have been diversified, we studied their evolution and show that the three human BTN3 are the result of two successive duplications in Primates and that the three genes are present in Hominoids and the Old World Monkey groups. A thorough phylogenetic analysis reveals a concerted evolution of BTN3 characterized by a strong and recurrent homogenization of the region encoding the signal peptide and the immunoglobulin variable (IgV) domain in Hominoids, where the sequences of BTN3A1 or BTN3A3 are replaced by BTN3A2 sequence. In human, the analysis of the diversity of these genes in 1683 individuals representing 26 worldwide populations shows that the three genes are polymorphic, with more than 46 alleles for each gene, and marked by extreme homogenization of the IgV sequences. The same analysis performed for the BTN2 genes shows also a concerted evolution; however, it is not as strong and recurrent as for BTN3. This study shows that BTN3 receptors are marked by extreme concerted evolution at the IgV domain and that BTN3A2 plays a central role in this evolution.
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