ArticleIranian journal of nursing and midwifery research
Effect of Breathing Technique of Blowing on the Extent of Damage to the Perineum at the Moment of Delivery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Article in Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07713173 (The Effect of the Ritgen Maneuver on Perineal Trauma During the Second Stage of Labor), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of the Ritgen Maneuver on Perineal Trauma During the Second Stage of Labor: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postpartum urinary incontinence and birth outcomes as a result of the pushing technique: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Breathing Exercises, Foot Reflexology and Massage (BRM) on Maternal and Newborn Outcomes Among Primigravidae in Saudi Arabia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of women's health · 2022Trial
- Midwives' Perspectives on a Program Supporting Spontaneous Pushing During the Second Stage of Labor: A Qualitative Study.Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Clinical guidance paper VVOG-CRGOLFB prevention and management of obstetrical perineal trauma.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2025Article
- Comparison of Spontaneous Pushing and Directed Pushing During the Second Stage of Labor Among Chinese Women Without Epidural Analgesia: Protocol for a Noninferior Feasibility Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Breathing Techniques During Labor: A Multinational Narrative Review of Efficacy.The Journal of perinatal education · 2023Article
- Quantitative cardiac autonomic outcomes of hydrotherapy in women during the first stage of labor.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionOne of the important tasks in managing labor is the protection of perineum. An important variable affecting this outcome is maternal pushing during the second stage of labor. This study was done to investigate the effect of breathing technique on perineal damage extention in laboring Iranian women. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis randomized clinical trial was performed on 166 nulliparous pregnant women who had reached full-term pregnancy, had low risk pregnancy, and were candidates for vaginal delivery in two following groups: using breathing techniques (case group) and valsalva maneuver (control group). In the control group, pushing was done with holding the breath. In the case group, the women were asked to take 2 deep abdominal breaths at the onset of pain, then take another deep breath, and push 4-5 seconds with the open mouth while controlling exhalation. From the crowning stage onward, the women were directed to control their pushing, and do the blowing technique.
resultsAccording to the results, intact perineum was more observed in the case group (
conclusionsIt was concluded that breathing technique of blowing can be a good alternative to Valsalva maneuver in order to reduce perineal damage in laboring women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.