ArticleClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)2018
High folate and low vitamin B12 status during pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Article in Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalences of erythropoiesis-associated micronutrient deficiencies (iron, folate, and vitamin BAnnals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Folic Acid Supplementation and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The Influence of Maternal Folate Status on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of maternal folate and vitamin B12 on gestational diabetes mellitus: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamin B12 status and folic acid/vitamin B12 related to the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of prepregnancy body mass index on maternal micronutrient status: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamin B12 and Folate Levels During Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of preconception and antenatal supplementation with myo-inositol, probiotics, and micronutrients on offspring BMI and weight gain over the first 2 years.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Review
- Impacts of maternal lipid and homocysteine levels on the risks of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes in both singleton and twin pregnancies: a population-based observational cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Plant-Based Diet and Pregnancy-Related Disorders: A Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Association between assisted reproductive technology and gestational diabetes mellitus: the role of serum folate and triglycerides.Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Observational
- Associations of folic acid supplements and dietary folate intake with gestational diabetes mellitus: complementary evidence from a multimethod investigation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Investigating the role of homocysteine and B vitamins in gestational diabetes mellitus: Mendelian randomization study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- The association between visceral fat accumulation caused by high-dose folic acid supplementation in the first trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus: protocol for a nested case-control study in a cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Metformin and insulin exacerbate one-carbon metabolism deficits in pregnant growth restricted rats and impacts the placenta, fetal liver and pancreas.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Association between Early Pregnancy Maternal Folate and Glycemic Indices at Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Vitamin BClinical nutrition ESPEN · 2025Observational
- Longitudinal assessment of maternal micronutrients (folate and vitamin BEuropean journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsB-vitamins and homocysteine may contribute to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but existing studies are inconsistent. We examined the cross-sectional associations of plasma folate, vitamins B6, B12, and homocysteine concentrations with GDM and glycemia in a sample of multi-ethnic Asian pregnant women.
methodsPlasma concentrations of folate, vitamins B6, B12, homocysteine and glucose were measured at 26-weeks' gestation in 913 pregnant women. GDM was diagnosed using the 1999 World Health Organization criteria. Associations were examined with linear or logistic regression, adjusted for confounders and stratified by ethnicity.
resultsHigher plasma folate was associated with higher 2-h glucose and higher odds of GDM [0.15 (0.02, 0.23) per 1-SD increment in folate, OR 1.29 (1.00, 1.60)], mainly among Indian mothers. Higher plasma vitamin B12 and homocysteine were associated with lower fasting and 2-h glucose, and lower odds of GDM [-0.04 (-0.07, -0.01) per 1-SD increment in B12 and -0.09 (-0.18, -0.003) respectively, OR: 0.81 (0.68, 0.97); -0.05 (-0.08, -0.02) per 1-SD increment in homocysteine and -0.12 (-0.21, -0.02) respectively, OR: 0.76 (0.62, 0.92)]. The highest odds of GDM were observed among women with combined vitamin B12 insufficiency and high folate concentration [OR: 1.97 (1.05, 3.68)]. An association between higher vitamin B6 and higher 2-h glucose shifted towards null adjusting for other B-vitamins.
conclusionsHigher maternal folate coupled with vitamin B12 insufficiency was associated with higher GDM risk. This finding has potential implications for antenatal supplement recommendations but will require confirmation in future studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.