Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28377616›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2017

Single laser pulse generates dual photoacoustic signals for differential contrast photoacoustic imaging.

Fei Gao, Xiaohua Feng, Ruochong Zhang, Siyu Liu, Ran Ding, Rahul Kishor, Yuanjin Zheng

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Fei GaoSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Xiaohua FengSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Ruochong ZhangSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Siyu LiuSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Ran DingSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Rahul KishorSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
Yuanjin ZhengSchool of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. yjzheng@ntu.edu.sg.
Nanyang Technological University · SGShanghaiTech University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photoacoustic sensing and imaging techniques have been studied widely to explore optical absorption contrast based on nanosecond laser illumination. In this paper, we report a long laser pulse induced dual photoacoustic (LDPA) nonlinear effect, which originates from unsatisfied stress and thermal confinements. Being different from conventional short laser pulse illumination, the proposed method utilizes a long square-profile laser pulse to induce dual photoacoustic signals. Without satisfying the stress confinement, the dual photoacoustic signals are generated following the positive and negative edges of the long laser pulse. More interestingly, the first expansion-induced photoacoustic signal exhibits positive waveform due to the initial sharp rising of temperature. On the contrary, the second contraction-induced photoacoustic signal exhibits exactly negative waveform due to the falling of temperature, as well as pulse-width-dependent signal amplitude. An analytical model is derived to describe the generation of the dual photoacoustic pulses, incorporating Gruneisen saturation and thermal diffusion effect, which is experimentally proved. Lastly, an alternate of LDPA technique using quasi-CW laser excitation is also introduced and demonstrated for both super-contrast in vitro and in vivo imaging. Compared with existing nonlinear PA techniques, the proposed LDPA nonlinear effect could enable a much broader range of potential applications.

Identifiers

PMID28377616
PMCPMC5429673
OpenAlexW2600720824

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.