ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2017
Inequalities in financial risk protection in Bangladesh: an assessment of universal health coverage.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures in older Mexican people based on their social security status.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- What is the coverage of your health insurance plan? An audit of hospital billing.AIMS public health · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in Out-of-Pocket and Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Pakistan.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- The impact of the Iranian health transformation plan policy on equitable access to medical imaging services in West Iran.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Disease-specific distress healthcare financing and catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Bangladesh.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Forgone healthcare and financial burden due to out-of-pocket payments in Bangladesh: a multilevel analysis.Health economics review · 2022Article
- Decomposing socio-economic inequality in catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditures in Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Equity and determinants in universal health coverage indicators in Iraq, 2000-2030: a national and subnational study.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- Equity of Health Services Utilisation and Expenditure among Urban and Rural Residents under Universal Health Coverage.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Prevalence of Maternal Postpartum Depression, Health-Seeking Behavior and Out of Pocket Payment for Physical Illness and Cost Coping Mechanism of the Poor Families in Bangladesh: A Rural Community-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Measuring and decomposing socioeconomic inequality in catastrophic healthcare expenditures in Iran.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2019Article
- Impact of out of pocket payments on financial risk protection indicators in a setting with no user fees: the case of Mauritius.International journal for equity in health · 2019Article
- Assessing national and subnational inequalities in medical care utilization and financial risk protection in Rwanda.International journal for equity in health · 2019Article
- Universal Health Coverage in Bangladesh: Activities, Challenges, and Suggestions.Psyche; a journal of entomology · 2019Article
- Diabetes knowledge and care practices among adults in rural Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey.BMJ global health · 2018Article
- Physiotherapy in Bangladesh: Inequality Begets Inequality.Frontiers in public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFinancial risk protection and equity are major components of universal health coverage (UHC), which is defined as ensuring access to health services for all citizens without any undue financial burden. We investigated progress towards UHC financial risk indicators and assessed variability of inequalities in financial risk protection indicators by wealth quintile. We further examined the determinants of different financial hardship indicators related to healthcare costs.
methodsA cross-sectional, three-stage probability survey was conducted in Bangladesh, which collected information from 1600 households from August to November 2011. Catastrophic health payments, impoverishment, and distress financing (borrowing or selling assets) were treated as financial hardship indicators in UHC. Poisson regression models were used to identify the determinants of catastrophic payment, impoverishment and distress financing separately. Slope, relative and concentration indices of inequalities were used to assess wealth-based inequalities in financial hardship indicators.
resultsThe study found that around 9% of households incurred catastrophic payments, 7% faced distress financing, and 6% experienced impoverishing health payments in Bangladesh. Slope index of inequality indicated that the incidence of catastrophic health payment and distress financing among the richest households were 12 and 9 percentage points lower than the poorest households respectively. Multivariable Poisson regression models revealed that all UHC financial hardship indicators were significantly higher among household that had members who received inpatient care or were in the poorest quintile. The presence of a member with chronic illness in a household increased the risk of impoverishment by nearly double.
conclusionThis study identified a greater inequality in UHC financial hardship indicators. Rich households in Bangladesh were facing disproportionately less financial hardship than the poor ones. Households can be protected from financial hardship associated with healthcare costs by implementing risk pooling mechanism, increasing GDP spending on health, and properly monitoring subsidized programs in public health facilities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.