ArticleBMC veterinary research2017
Serological testing of Schmallenberg virus in Swedish wild cervids from 2012 to 2016.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serological prevalence of the Schmallenberg virus in domestic and wild hosts worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Pooled it
- First evidence of schmallenberg virus infection in southern Italy.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Article
- Screening of Eurasian Tundra Reindeer for Viral Sequences by Next-Generation Sequencing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A Screening for Virus Infections in Eight Herds of Semi-domesticated Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Post-epidemic investigation of Schmallenberg virus in wild ruminants in Slovenia.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2020Article
- Schmallenberg virus: a systematic international literature review (2011-2019) from an Irish perspective.Irish veterinary journal · 2019Review
- Preliminary serological evidence for Schmallenberg virus infection in China.Tropical animal health and production · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSchmallenberg virus (SBV) first emerged in Europe in 2011, and in Sweden in late 2012. The virus was still circulating in parts of Europe in 2015. In recent testing, the virus has not been detected in Swedish domestic animals, indicating that it is no longer circulating in Sweden. It is not known if the virus has circulated and is still circulating in Swedish wild cervid populations and whether wildlife can act as virus reservoirs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SBV has circulated, and is still circulating among wild cervids in Sweden.
resultsNinety-two sera from moose (Alces alces, n = 22), red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 15), fallow deer (Dama dama, n = 44), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, n = 11) were collected and analyzed for antibodies against SBV. The sampling occurred in the southern and middle part of Sweden during three time periods: 1) before the vector season in 2012, 2) after the vector season in 2012, and 3) after the vector season in 2015. Animals from periods 1 and 2 were of varying ages, whereas animals collected in period 3 were born after the vector season 2013. Animals from period 1 (n = 15) and 3 (n = 47) were seronegative, but, 53% (16 of 30) of animals from period 2 were seropositive, determined by SBV competitive ELISA. Samples from period 2 were additionally analyzed for SBV-neutralizing antibodies. Such antibodies were detected in 16/16 SBV-N-antibody-positive, 3/12 negative and 2/2 doubtful sera. The two tests were in accordance at SBV-neutralizing antibody titers of 1:32 or higher.
conclusionOur results show that SBV circulated among wild cervids during the vector season of 2012. Three years later, no SBV-antibodies were detected in animals born after the vector season 2013. The likely absence of SBV circulation in Sweden, in contrast to other parts of Europe, might be explained by the annual occurrence of a vector-free season due to climate conditions. Interpretations are limited by the small sample-size, but the results suggest that the SBV competitive ELISA has high specificity but might have slightly lower sensitivity compared to a seroneutralization assay, when using samples from wild cervids.
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