Trial reportJournal of the National Cancer Institute2017
Mammographic Density Change With Estrogen and Progestin Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk.
Trial report in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repeated measures of mammographic density and texture to evaluate prediction and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review of the methods used in the literature.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2023Pooled it
- Mammographic density, endocrine therapy and breast cancer risk: a prognostic and predictive biomarker review.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Hormone replacement therapy and mammographic density: a systematic literature review.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2020Pooled it
- Estrogen Plus Progestin and Colorectal Cancer: Long-Term Findings From the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Trial
- Soy isoflavones decrease fibroglandular breast tissue measured by magnetic resonance imaging in premenopausal women: A 2-year randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2022Trial
- Stiff stroma increases breast cancer risk by inducing the oncogene ZNF217.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Effect of Bazedoxifene and Conjugated Estrogen (Duavee) on Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers in High-Risk Women: A Pilot Study.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Trial
- Circulating Thioredoxin 1 as an Adjunct to Mammography for Breast Cancer Detection: A Multicenter Clinical Validation Study.Cancers · 2026Article
- Article
- Urinary Levels of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Breast Density in Young Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- The impact of changes in breast density over time on breast cancer risk.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Incidence and Risk Factors of Interval and Screen-Detected Breast Cancer.JAMA oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Correlation of RANK and RANKL with mammographic density in primary breast cancer patients.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Is There a Special Role for Ovarian Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Lobular Carcinoma?Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Mechanosensitive hormone signaling promotes mammary progenitor expansion and breast cancer risk.Cell stem cell · 2024Article
- Breast cancer risk factors and mammographic density among 12518 average-risk women in rural China.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities.Current environmental health reports · 2022Review
- Use of a convolutional neural network-based mammographic evaluation to predict breast cancer recurrence among women with hormone receptor-positive operable breast cancer.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Article
- Deep learning identification of stiffness markers in breast cancer.Biomaterials · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Estrogen plus progestin therapy increases both mammographic density and breast cancer incidence. Whether mammographic density change associated with estrogen plus progestin initiation predicts breast cancer risk is unknown. Methods: We conducted an ancillary nested case-control study within the Women's Health Initiative trial that randomly assigned postmenopausal women to daily conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg or placebo. Mammographic density was assessed from mammograms taken prior to and one year after random assignment for 174 women who later developed breast cancer (cases) and 733 healthy women (controls). Logistic regression analyses included adjustment for confounders and baseline mammographic density when appropriate. Results: Among women in the estrogen plus progestin arm (97 cases/378 controls), each 1% positive change in percent mammographic density increased breast cancer risk 3% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01 to 1.06). For women in the highest quintile of mammographic density change (>19.3% increase), breast cancer risk increased 3.6-fold (95% CI = 1.52 to 8.56). The effect of estrogen plus progestin use on breast cancer risk (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.90 to 1.82) was eliminated in this study, after adjusting for change in mammographic density (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.66 to 1.51). Conclusions: We found the one-year change in mammographic density after estrogen plus progestin initiation predicted subsequent increase in breast cancer risk. All of the increased risk from estrogen plus progestin use was mediated through mammographic density change. Doctors should evaluate changes in mammographic density with women who initiate estrogen plus progestin therapy and discuss the breast cancer risk implications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.