Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28374190›Full record

ArticleHuman genetics2017

A genome-wide study of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with next generation sequence data.

Jan Graffelman, Deepti Jain, Bruce Weir

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human genetics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Sequencing and health data resource of children of African ancestry.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. SNP-RFLP Markers for the Study ofEcology and evolution · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Variants rs3804099 and rs3804100 in theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Association ofHeliyon · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jan GraffelmanDepartment of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. jan.graffelman@upc.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-3900-0780
Deepti JainDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, University Tower, 15th Floor, 4333 Brooklyn Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98105-9461, USA.
Bruce WeirDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, University Tower, 15th Floor, 4333 Brooklyn Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98105-9461, USA.

Funding

Rare variants and NHLBI traits in deeply phenotyped cohortsR01HL120393 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI PSATY, BRUCE M, RICE, KENNETH M. · 2014 to 2016
$8.9M
Statistical Methods for X-Chromosome Genetic DataP01GM099568 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI WEIR, BRUCE S. · 2012 to 2016
$7.3M
Theoretical Population Genetics SupplementR01GM075091 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI WEIR, BRUCE S. · 2006 to 2020
$4.7M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL120393NIGMS NIH HHS P01 GM099568NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM075091
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Statistical tests for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium have been an important tool for detecting genotyping errors in the past, and remain important in the quality control of next generation sequence data. In this paper, we analyze complete chromosomes of the 1000 genomes project by using exact test procedures for autosomal and X-chromosomal variants. We find that the rate of disequilibrium largely exceeds what might be expected by chance alone for all chromosomes. Observed disequilibrium is, in about 60% of the cases, due to heterozygote excess. We suggest that most excess disequilibrium can be explained by sequencing problems, and hypothesize mechanisms that can explain exceptional heterozygosities. We report higher rates of disequilibrium for the MHC region on chromosome 6, regions flanking centromeres and p-arms of acrocentric chromosomes. We also detected long-range haplotypes and areas with incidental high disequilibrium. We report disequilibrium to be related to read depth, with variants having extreme read depths being more likely to be out of equilibrium. Disequilibrium rates were found to be 11 times higher in segmental duplications and simple tandem repeat regions. The variants with significant disequilibrium are seen to be concentrated in these areas. For next generation sequence data, Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium seems to be a major indicator for copy number variation.

Indexed as

Genome-Wide Association StudyDNA Copy Number VariationsHumansLinkage Disequilibrium

Identifiers

PMID28374190
PMCPMC5429372

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.