ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2017
Environmental Issues in Thyroid Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with thyroid diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Endocrine-Immune Crosstalk in Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review of the Role of Micronutrients, with Emphasis on Vitamin D.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Photobiomodulation Therapy in Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review of Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Interference on Iodine Uptake and Human Thyroid Function by Perchlorate-Contaminated Water and Food.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Association between thyroglobulin polymorphisms and autoimmune thyroid disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.Genes and immunity · 2019Pooled it
- The Thyroid Under Pressure: Heavy Metals, Endocrine Disruptors and Translational Insights into Carcinogenesis and Thyroid Dysfunctions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Autoimmune thyroiditis in pregnancy: epidemiology, clinical impact, and contemporary management challenges.Journal of medicine and life · 2026Review
- Long-term natural history of thyroid peroxidase antibodies in a population-based cohort: Findings from 18 years of follow-up in Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS).Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- First population-based national eHealth system study on the prevalence of nonmalignant thyroid disorders in North Macedonia: A cross-sectional analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of Th17/Treg imbalance in autoimmune thyroid diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Analysis of the association between water iodine concentration and TyG-BMI index with thyroid diseases: a cross-sectional study in Shandong province, China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Assessment of the association of high-iodine exposure in drinking water, iodine intake, and thyroid function in 3-14-year-old children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genetic evidence of the causal relationship between serum micronutrients and Graves' disease: A Mendelian randomization and cross-sectional observational study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- Thyroid Cancer: Epidemiology, Classification, Risk Factors, Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers, and Current Treatment Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Assessing thyroid peroxidase antibodies in Emirati medical students: a cross-sectional pilot study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Recent advances of trace elements in autoimmune thyroid disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Pregnancy: The Interaction Between Genetics, Epigenetics and Environmental Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Environmental pollutants and phosphoinositide signaling in autoimmunity.Journal of hazardous materials · 2024Review
- Analysis of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Environmental factors are determinant for the appearance of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) in susceptible subjects. Increased iodine intake, selenium, and vitamin D deficiency, exposure to radiation, from nuclear fallout or due to medical radiation, are environmental factors increasing AITD. Cigarette smoking is associated with Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy, while it decreases the risk of hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity. Viral infections are important environmental factors in the pathogenesis of AITD, too, particularly human parvovirus B19 (EVB19) and hepatitis C virus. Among the many chemical contaminants, halogenated organochlorines and pesticides variably disrupt thyroid function. Polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites and polybrominated diethyl ethers bind to thyroid transport proteins, such as transthyretin, displace thyroxine, and disrupt thyroid function. Among drugs, interferon- and iodine-containing drugs have been associated with AITD. Moreover intestinal dysbiosis causes autoimmune thyroiditis. To reduce the risk to populations and also in each patient, it is necessary to comprehend the association between environmental agents and thyroid dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.