ArticleMolecular psychiatry2018
Microglial recruitment of IL-1β-producing monocytes to brain endothelium causes stress-induced anxiety.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 219 papers.
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Who cites it
219 citing papers in PubMed, 357 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Repeated social defeat causes bone loss from mouse femur.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Microbiota-Driven microglia reprogramming reverses depressive-like behaviors through Peripheral-to-Central immune crosstalk.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Review
- Phocaeicola vulgatus improves anxiety-like behavior by ameliorating amygdala neuroinflammation and the neurite impairment in IBS.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Immunity in Rodent Models of Stress.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Genetically determined causality between immune cells and anxiety disorders: A Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Orchestrating neuroinflammation: A symphony of Interleukin-1 and cell type-specific Interleukin-1 receptor type 1 signaling in the brain.Brain behavior and immunity integrative · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic reprogramming of central and peripheral immune cells in mental disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Persistent priming of hypothalamic microglia is associated with sensitization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to acute stress, hyperactivity and behavioral response disruption in male rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Defining functional states and roles of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Guanfacine and HCN channels: bridging neuroinflammation and prefrontal cortex function in autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Impact on Neuroimmune Function in the Stress Response and Pain.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Brain endothelial homeostasis in psychiatric disorders: mechanisms, evidence, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- The Role of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Epilepsy: Mechanisms and Consequences.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Connection and communication between the nervous and immune systems.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Identification of IL1R1 as a potential key PANoptosis-related gene in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury using machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Gut-brain-immune axis implications for mental health and disease.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Social anxiety disorder and antibodies against glial cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
159 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Psychosocial stress contributes to the development of anxiety and depression. Recent clinical studies have reported increased inflammatory leukocytes in circulation of individuals with stress-related psychiatric disorders. Parallel to this, our work in mice shows that social stress causes release of inflammatory monocytes into circulation. In addition, social stress caused the development of prolonged anxiety that was dependent on inflammatory monocytes in the brain. Therefore, we hypothesize that chronic stress drives the production of inflammatory monocytes that are actively recruited to the brain by microglia, and these monocytes augment neuroinflammatory signaling and prolong anxiety. Here we show that repeated social defeat stress in mice activated threat appraisal centers in the brain that spatially coincided with microglial activation and endothelial facilitation of monocyte recruitment. Moreover, microglial depletion with a CSF1R antagonist prior to stress prevented the recruitment of monocytes to the brain and abrogated the development of anxiety. Cell-specific transcriptional profiling revealed that microglia selectively enhanced CCL2 expression, while monocytes expressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Consistent with these profiles, the recruited inflammatory monocytes with stress adhered to IL-1R1
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.