ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2017
Maternal Antihypertensive Medication Use and Congenital Heart Defects: Updated Results From the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Guideline
- Prevalence and associated factors of congenital anomalies in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal obesity and metabolic disorders associate with congenital heart defects in the offspring: A systematic review.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with first-trimester exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2020Pooled it
- Pharmacovigilance signals for congenital heart disease related to drug exposure: A disproportionality analysis based on the FAERS database.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Observed Prevalence and Predictors of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants Conceived via In vitro Fertilization.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Maternal Obesity and Diabetes on the Development of Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) in Offspring: A Narrative Review.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Maternal Fish Intake in the Year Prior to Conception and Birth Defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.Birth defects research · 2026Article
- Maternal, reproductive and perinatal factors and the risks of birth defects: traditional and emerging factors.Reproductive biomedicine online · 2025Article
- Antihypertensive Medication Use before and during Pregnancy and the Risk of Severe Maternal Morbidity in Individuals with Prepregnancy Hypertension.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Association of congenital heart defects (CHD) with factors related to maternal health and pregnancy in newborns in Puerto Rico.Congenital heart disease · 2024Article
- A gene-based association test of interactions for maternal-fetal genotypes identifies genes associated with nonsyndromic congenital heart defects.Genetic epidemiology · 2023Article
- Toward personalized management of chronic hypertension in pregnancy.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Review
- Maternal exposure to hydroxychloroquine and birth defects.Birth defects research · 2021Article
- Anesthetic Management of the Pregnant Patient: Part 1.Anesthesia progress · 2021Review
- Maternal Hypertension-Related Genotypes and Congenital Heart Defects.American journal of hypertension · 2021Article
- Brazilian Cardiology Society Statement for Management of Pregnancy and Family Planning in Women with Heart Disease - 2020.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2020Article
- Disparities in the Prevalence of Excess Heart Age Among Women with a Recent Live Birth.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2020Article
- Maternal Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus as Risk Factors for Congenital Heart Disease in the Offspring.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Review
- Safety of Amlodipine in Early Pregnancy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous NBDPS (National Birth Defects Prevention Study) findings from 1997 to 2003 suggested that maternal antihypertensive use was associated with congenital heart defects (CHDs). We re-examined associations between specific antihypertensive medication classes and specific CHDs with additional NBDPS data from 2004 to 2011. After excluding mothers missing hypertension information or who reported pregestational diabetes mellitus, a multiple birth, or antihypertensive use but no hypertension, we compared self-reported maternal exposure data on 10 625 CHD cases and 11 137 nonmalformed controls. We calculated adjusted odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] to estimate the risk of specific CHDs associated with antihypertensive use during the month before conception through the third month of pregnancy, controlling for maternal age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, first trimester cigarette smoking, and NBDPS site. Overall, 164 (1.5%) case mothers and 102 (0.9%) control mothers reported early pregnancy antihypertensive use for their hypertension. We observed increased risk of 4 CHD phenotypes, regardless of antihypertensive medication class reported: coarctation of the aorta (2.50 [1.52-4.11]), pulmonary valve stenosis (2.19 [1.44-3.34]), perimembranous ventricular septal defect (1.90 [1.09-3.31]), and secundum atrial septal defect (1.94 [1.36-2.79]). The associations for these phenotypes were statistically significant for mothers who reported β-blocker use or renin-angiotensin system blocker use; estimates for other antihypertensive medication classes were generally based on fewer exposed cases and were less stable but remained elevated. Our results support and expand on earlier NBDPS findings that antihypertensive medication use may be associated with increased risk of specific CHDs, although we cannot completely rule out confounding by underlying disease characteristics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.