ArticleJournal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi2017
Distribution and Determinants of Out-of-pocket Healthcare Expenditures in Bangladesh.
Article in Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Counting the Cost: Examining Out-of-Pocket Spending on Emergency Care in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Article
- Factors associated with Traditional Chinese Medicine use among older adults with chronic diseases in China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- "Beyond the Crisis: Forging a Climate-Resilient Health System for Bangladesh".Health science reports · 2026Article
- The price of equality: determinants of the convergence in delivery costs in Bangladesh.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Disease-specific distress healthcare financing and catastrophic out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization care in Bangladesh.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2025Article
- Assessing the Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness Interventions Among Schoolchildren in Bangladesh.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Unmet healthcare needs, out-of-pocket payments and catastrophic health expenditures among hypertensive adults in Bangladesh.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Effect of a public health protection scheme for the below-poverty-line population on out-of-pocket inpatient care expenditure in Bangladesh: findings from a quasi-experimental study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Out-of-pocket cost and financial catastrophe of patients with cancer: the alarming cost-of-illness in Bangladesh.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Service delivery factors associated with enrollment to the improved community health fund among household members: a cross-sectional study in the Manyara region, Tanzania.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Assessing the determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditures among Cambodian households in informal employment using survey data.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- The effectiveness of a government-sponsored health protection scheme in reducing financial risks for the below-poverty-line population in Bangladesh.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- Magnitude and trends in inequalities in healthcare-seeking behavior for pneumonia and mortality rate among under-five children in Bangladesh: Evidence from nationwide cross-sectional survey 2007 to 2017.Health science reports · 2023Article
- A cross-sectional analysis of the impact of health insurance on the use of health care in Rwanda.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Assessing the inequality in out-of-pocket health expenditure among the chronically and non-chronically ill in Saudi Arabia: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- The burden of chronic diseases and patients' preference for healthcare services among adult patients suffering from chronic diseases in Bangladesh.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Article
- Article
- Socio-economic inequalities in diabetes and prediabetes among Bangladeshi adults.Diabetology international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesAs in many low-income and middle-income countries, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments by patients or their families are a key healthcare financing mechanism in Bangladesh that leads to economic burdens for households. The objective of this study was to identify whether and to what extent socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors of the population had an impact on OOP expenditures in Bangladesh.
methodsA total of 12 400 patients who had paid to receive any type of healthcare services within the previous 30 days were analyzed from the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey data, 2010. We employed regression analysis for identify factors influencing OOP health expenditures using the ordinary least square method.
resultsThe mean total OOP healthcare expenditures was US dollar (USD) 27.66; while, the cost of medicines (USD 16.98) was the highest cost driver (61% of total OOP healthcare expenditure). In addition, this study identified age, sex, marital status, place of residence, and family wealth as significant factors associated with higher OOP healthcare expenditures. In contrary, unemployment and not receiving financial social benefits were inversely associated with OOP expenditures.
conclusionsThe findings of this study can help decision-makers by clarifying the determinants of OOP, discussing the mechanisms driving these determinants, and there by underscoring the need to develop policy options for building stronger financial protection mechanisms. The government should consider devoting more resources to providing free or subsidized care. In parallel with government action, the development of other prudential and sustainable risk-pooling mechanisms may help attract enthusiastic subscribers to community-based health insurance schemes.
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