ArticlePsychophysiology2017
Defensive motivation and attention in anticipation of different types of predictable and unpredictable threat: A startle and event-related potential investigation.
Article in Psychophysiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurophysiological and clinical effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist lanicemine (BHV-5500) in PTSD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Depression and anxiety · 2021Trial
- Alcohol's effects on emotionally motivated attention, defensive reactivity and subjective anxiety during uncertain threats.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2017Trial
- Persistent defensive reactivity during extensive avoidance training as a potential mechanism for the perpetuation of safety behaviors.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Manipulating reinforcement probability changes the temporal overestimation of anticipated aversive stimuli.Psychological research · 2024Article
- Sleep quality impacts the link between reactivity to uncertain threat and anxiety and alcohol use in youth.Psychophysiology · 2024Article
- Impact of handgun ownership and biological sex on startle reactivity to predictable and unpredictable threats.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2024Article
- The impact of threat of shock-induced anxiety on alerting, orienting, and executive function in women: an ERP study.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Family study of the startle reflex and event-related potentials in anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threat in adolescents and their parents.Psychophysiology · 2023Article
- Don't worry, it won't be fine. Contributions of worry and anxious arousal to startle responses and event-related potentials in threat anticipation.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Threat effects on attention networks in individuals with a history of externalizing behaviors.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2023Article
- Effects of early childhood behavioral inhibition and parental anxiety disorder on adolescents' startle response to predictable and unpredictable threat.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2022Article
- Alcohol's effects during uncertain and uncontrollable stressors in the laboratory.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2022Article
- Event-related potentials to acoustic startle probes during unpredictable threat are associated with individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2022Article
- Auditory and cross-modal attentional bias toward positive natural sounds: Behavioral and ERP evidence.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Posttraumatic stress symptom dimensions and brain responses to startling auditory stimuli in combat veterans.Journal of abnormal psychology · 2021Article
- Gender differences in anxiety: The mediating role of sensitivity to unpredictable threat.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2020Article
- Quantifying defence cascade responses as indicators of pig affect and welfare using computer vision methods.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The replicability and generalizability of internalizing symptom networks across five samples.Journal of abnormal psychology · 2020Article
- Neural correlates of predictable and unpredictable threat in internalizing psychopathology.Neuroscience letters · 2019Article
- The Impact of Unpredictability on Dyspnea Perception, Anxiety and Interoceptive Error Processing.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Predictability is an important characteristic of threat that impacts defensive motivation and attentional engagement. Supporting research has primarily focused on actual threat (e.g., shocks), and it is unclear whether the predictability of less intense threat (e.g., unpleasant pictures) similarly affects motivation and attention. The present study utilized a within-subject design and examined defensive motivation (startle reflex and self-reported anxiety) and attention (probe N100 and P300) in anticipation of shocks and unpleasant pictures during a no, predictable, and unpredictable threat task. This study also examined the impact of predictability on the P300 to shocks and late positive potential (LPP) to unpleasant pictures. The startle reflex and self-reported anxiety were increased in anticipation of both types of threat relative to no threat. Furthermore, startle potentiation in anticipation of unpredictable threat was greater for shocks compared to unpleasant pictures, but there was no difference for predictable threat. The probe N100 was enhanced in anticipation of unpredictable threat relative to predictable threat and no threat, and the probe P300 was suppressed in anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threat relative to no threat. These effects did not differ between the shock and unpleasant picture trials. Finally, the P300 and early LPP component were increased in response to unpredictable relative to predictable shocks and unpleasant pictures, respectively. The present study suggests that the unpredictability of unpleasant pictures increases defensive motivation, but to a lesser degree relative to actual threat. Moreover, unpredictability enhances attentional engagement in anticipation of, and in reaction to, both types of threat.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.