ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2017
Immune checkpoint proteins: exploring their therapeutic potential to regulate atherosclerosis.
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between comorbidities and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing immune checkpoint blockade.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and myocardial infarction.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026Review
- ApoB-specific CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unmasking the Rare but Lethal Cardiac Complications of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Review of Mechanisms, Risk Factors, and Management Strategies.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Anti-atherogenic immune checkpoint TIM-3 as a promising pharmacologic target toward ischemic heart diseases: a prospective review.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Impact of statin therapy on CD40:CD40L signaling: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Review
- The role of immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 in cardiovascular complications leading to heart failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Association between systemic inflammation response index trajectories and carotid atherosclerosis progression.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Machine learning models based on fluid immunoproteins that predict non-AIDS adverse events in people with HIV.iScience · 2024Article
- Prognostic Significance of Soluble PD-L1 on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2024Article
- A comprehensive review on immune checkpoint inhibitors induced cardiotoxicity characteristics and associated factors.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- Article
- Identification of circulating T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 4 as a potential biomarker for coronary heart disease.MedComm · 2023Article
- Screening for Coronary Artery Disease in Cancer Survivors:JACC. CardioOncology · 2023Review
- Single-cell T cell receptor sequencing of paired human atherosclerotic plaques and blood reveals autoimmune-like features of expanded effector T cells.Nature cardiovascular research · 2023Article
- Coronary atherosclerosis and chemotherapy: From bench to bedside.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- PD1 Deficiency Modifies Cardiac Immunity during Baseline Conditions and in Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Endothelial cell-specific deletion of a microRNA accelerates atherosclerosis.Atherosclerosis · 2022Article
- Exploring the Mechanisms Underlying the Cardiotoxic Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Gene Differential Expression and Interaction Networks Illustrate the Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerotic Cerebral Infarction.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system provides a large variety of immune checkpoint proteins, which involve both costimulatory and inhibitory proteins. Costimulatory proteins can promote cell survival, cell cycle progression and differentiation to effector and memory cells, whereas inhibitory proteins terminate these processes to halt ongoing inflammation. Immune checkpoint proteins play a pivotal role in atherosclerosis by regulating the activation and proliferation of various immune and non-immune cells, such as T-cells, macrophages and platelets. Upon activation within the atherosclerotic lesions or in secondary lymphoid organs, these cells produce large amounts of pro-atherogenic cytokines that contribute to the growth and destabilization of lesions, which can result in rupture of the lesion causing acute coronary syndromes, such as a myocardial infarction. Given the presence and regulatory capacity of immune checkpoint proteins in the circulation and atherosclerotic lesions of cardiovascular patients, modulation of these proteins by, for example, the use of monoclonal antibodies, offers unique opportunities to regulate pro-inflammatory immune responses in atherosclerosis. In this review, we highlight the latest advances on the role of immune checkpoint proteins, such as OX40-OX40L, CTLA-4 and TIM proteins, in atherosclerosis and discuss their therapeutic potential as promising immunotherapies to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Registered trials
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