Trial reportThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2017
A 2-Year Follow-Up After a 2-Year RCT with Vitamin D and Exercise: Effects on Falls, Injurious Falls and Physical Functioning Among Older Women.
Trial report in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Exergaming Interventions for Preventing Falls and Injurious Falls in Older People: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.JMIR aging · 2026Pooled it
- Calcium, vitamin D, or combined supplementation to prevent fractures and falls: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Pooled it
- Population-based interventions for preventing falls and fall-related injuries in older people.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of exercise interventions on fall prevention in ambulatory community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review with narrative synthesis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of exercise intervention on fall-related fractures in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC geriatrics · 2020Pooled it
- Exercise-Based Interventions to Enhance Long-Term Sustainability of Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and incident falls in older women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Trial
- Effectiveness of Balance- and Strength-Based Exercise Interventions for Fall Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effect of Soft Surface Stepping Exercise on Physical Activity Among Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- Barriers and Predictors of Long-Term Physical Activity Maintenance: The STRRIDE I Reunion Cohort.Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between physical fitness tests and neuromuscular properties.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Predictive ability of a self-rated fall risk assessment tool in community-dwelling older women.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
- Vitamin D and Calcium in Osteoporosis, and the Role of Bone Turnover Markers: A Narrative Review of Recent Data from RCTs.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of musculoskeletal diseases: update from an European Society of Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) working group.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2022Review
- Strength Training to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBoth exercise and vitamin D are recommended means to prevent falls among older adults, but their combined effects on fall-induced injuries are scarcely studied.
methodsA 2-year follow-up of a previous 2-year randomized controlled trial with vitamin D and exercise (Ex) of 409 older home-dwelling women using a factorial 2 × 2 design (D-Ex-, D+Ex-, D-Ex+, D+Ex+). Besides monthly fall diaries, femoral neck bone mineral density (fn-BMD), and physical functioning were assessed at 1 and 2 years after the intervention.
resultsAfter the intervention, S-25OHD concentrations declined to baseline levels in both supplement groups. The groups did not differ for change in fn-BMD or physical functioning, except for leg extensor muscle strength, which remained about 10% greater in the exercise groups compared with the reference group (D-Ex-). There were no between-group differences in the rate of all falls, but medically attended injurious falls reduced in D+Ex- and D-Ex+ groups compared with D-Ex-. However, all former treatment groups had less medically attended injured fallers, HRs (95% CI) being 0.62 (0.39-1.00) for D+Ex-, 0.46 (0.28-0.76) for D-Ex+, and 0.55 (0.34-0.88) for D+Ex+, compared with D-Ex-.
conclusionsExercise-induced benefits in physical functioning partly remained 2 years after cessation of supervised training. Although there was no difference in the rate of all falls, former exercise groups continued to have lower rate of medically attended injured fallers compared with referents even 2 years after the intervention. Vitamin D without exercise was associated with less injurious falls with no difference in physical functioning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.