ArticlePloS one2017
Differential inhibition of activity, activation and gene expression of MMP-9 in THP-1 cells by azithromycin and minocycline versus bortezomib: A comparative study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tetracycline use in treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2021Pooled it
- Molecular mechanisms of 10-butyl ether minocycline, a novel nonantibiotic tetracycline, as a potential treatment for inflammatory and neuroimmune-related disorders.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Efficacy and survival outcomes of bevacizumab plus minocycline for glioblastoma.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Review
- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency confers resilience in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva in a man and mice.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2024Article
- Inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by Dietary Antioxidants in THP-1 Macrophages and Sera from Patients with Breast Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Local Administration of Minocycline Improves Nerve Regeneration in Two Rat Nerve Injury Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Evaluation of delaying effects of different short-term dosage regimens of topical ciprofloxacin on corneal ulcer healing in an avian model.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- Alteration of Ethanol Reward by Prior Mephedrone Exposure: The Role of Age and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9).International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Dolutegravir Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Affects Mouse Neurodevelopment.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Article
- CCA-1.1, a Novel Curcumin Analog, Exerts Cytotoxic anti- Migratory Activity toward TNBC and HER2-Enriched Breast Cancer Cells.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- An "Omic" Overview of Fragile X Syndrome.Biology · 2021Review
- Review
- CD147 as a Target for COVID-19 Treatment: Suggested Effects of Azithromycin and Stem Cell Engagement.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2020Review
- Challenges in Matrix Metalloproteinases Inhibition.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Impairs Amyloid Beta Degradation in a Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Dependent Manner.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Article
- Tetracycline Analogs Inhibit Osteoclast Differentiation by Suppressing MMP-9-Mediated Histone H3 Cleavage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gelatinase B or matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) (EC 3.4.24.35) is increased in inflammatory processes and cancer, and is associated with disease progression. In part, this is due to MMP-9-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix, facilitating influx of leukocytes into inflamed tissues and invasion or metastasis of cancer cells. MMP-9 is produced as proMMP-9 and its propeptide is subsequently removed by other proteases to generate proteolytically active MMP-9. The significance of MMP-9 in pathologies triggered the development of specific inhibitors of this protease. However, clinical trials with synthetic inhibitors of MMPs in the fight against cancer were disappointing. Reports on active compounds which inhibit MMP-9 should be carefully examined in this regard. In a considerable set of recent publications, two antibiotics (minocycline and azythromycin) and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, used in cancers, were reported to inhibit MMP-9 at different stages of its expression, activation or activity. The current study was undertaken to compare and to verify the impact of these compounds on MMP-9. With exception of minocycline at high concentrations (>100 μM), the compounds did not affect processing of proMMP-9 into MMP-9, nor did they affect direct MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity. In contrast, azithromycin specifically reduced MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels without affecting NF-κB in endotoxin-challenged monocytic THP-1 cells. Bortezomib, although being highly toxic, had no MMP-9-specific effects but significantly upregulated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and PGE2 levels. Overall, our study clarified that azithromycin decreased the levels of MMP-9 by reduction of gene and protein expression while minocycline inhibits proteolytic activity at high concentrations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.