Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2017
Interference Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Rhinovirus Infection in Infancy.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The immunogenicity and safety of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in development: A systematic review.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2021Pooled it
- Assessing the strength of evidence for a causal effect of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections on subsequent wheezing illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Decreased risk of non-influenza respiratory infection after influenza B virus infection in children.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Trial
- Trends in respiratory virus positivity across urban and rural hospitals in Ontario over three seasons.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Human Metapneumovirus and Potential Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Interventions in the United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- [Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Challenges of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Co-infections in Children].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- The Common Cold Is Associated With Protection From SARS-CoV-2 Infections.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- The multipathogen profiles and co-infection characteristics obtained from comprehensive surveillance of patients with acute respiratory infections in the post-COVID-19 era in Shenzhen, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Respiratory viral coinfections: interactions, mechanisms and clinical implications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Preinfection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae exacerbates subsequent influenza infection in young adults: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the etiological spectrum of respiratory infections in children.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Circulation of RSV Subtypes A and B Among Mexican Children During the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 Seasons.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of a single-tube, dual-target CRISPR Cas12a/Cas13a system for rapid screening of coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Unraveling the role of viral interference in disrupting biennial RSV epidemics in northern Stockholm.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dynamics of respiratory virus transmission in children during and after COVID-19 outbreak control in Baiyin, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Respiratory bacterial and viral pathogen spectrum among influenza-positive and influenza-negative patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Estimation of respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospital admissions in five European countries: a modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- The added value of diagnostics to characterize age-specific patterns of respiratory viral infections and coinfections and to detect emerging threats.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Harnessing Epigenetics: Innovative Approaches in Diagnosing and Combating Viral Acute Respiratory Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) are the most common viruses associated with acute respiratory tract infections in infancy. Viral interference is important in understanding respiratory viral circulation and the impact of vaccines.
methodsTo study viral interference, we evaluated cases of RSV and HRV codetection by polymerase chain reaction in 2 prospective birth cohort studies (the Infant Susceptibility to Pulmonary Infections and Asthma Following RSV Exposure [INSPIRE] study and the Tennessee Children's Respiratory Initiative [TCRI]) and a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial (MAKI), using adjusted multivariable regression analyses.
resultsAmong 3263 respiratory tract samples, 24.5% (798) and 37.3% (1216) were RSV and HRV positive, respectively. The odds of HRV infection were significantly lower in RSV-infected infants in all cohorts, with adjusted odds ratios of 0.30 (95% confidence interval [CI], .22-.40 in the INSPIRE study, 0.18 (95% CI, .11-.28) in the TCRI (adjusted for disease severity), and 0.34 (95% CI, .16-.72) in the MAKI trial. HRV infection was significantly more common among infants administered RSV immunoprophylaxis, compared with infants who did not receive immunoprophylaxis (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.65-2.39).
conclusionsA negative association of RSV on HRV codetection was consistently observed across populations, seasons, disease severity, and geographical regions. Suppressing RSV infection by RSV immunoprophylaxis might increase the risk of having HRV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.