ArticlePeerJ2017
Daily rhythms of behavioral and hormonal patterns in male dromedary camels housed in boxes.
Article in PeerJ, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seasonal variations in the polysomnographic sleep/wake cycle and activity/rest pattern in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius).Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2026Article
- The Challenges of the Camel Welfare in Western Countries.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- How to Apply Positive-Reinforcement-Based Training for Self-Loading and Self-Unloading in Dromedary Camels.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Do stereotypies help or harm? Exploring the link between cortisol level and abnormal behaviours in animals: a review.Frontiers in zoology · 2025Review
- Daily rhythm of rumination in the goat (Capra hircus) is not driven by feeding.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Welfare assessment of dromedary camels kept under pastoralism in Pakistan.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Circadian rhythms in colonic function.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Do Camels (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- The First Protocol for Assessing Welfare of Camels.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Validation of locomotion scoring as a new and inexpensive technique to record circadian locomotor activity in large mammals.Heliyon · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDaily rhythmicity has been observed for a number of hormonal and behavioral variables in mammals. It can be entrained by several external factors, such as light-dark cycle and scheduled feeding. In dromedary camels, daily rhythmicity has been documented only for melatonin secretion and body temperature. In this study, the daily rhythmicity of behavioral repertoire, cortisol and testosterone levels was investigated in captive male camels.
methodsSix clinically healthy male dromedary camels (
resultsThe diurnality index for rumination and lying down was close to 0 (respectively, 0.09 and 0.19), while the indices for stereotypy, standing, feeding and walking were close to 1 (respectively, 0.74, 0.84, 0.92 and 0.85). Cosinor analysis revealed daily rhythmicity for all behaviors and for cortisol levels (acrophase at 12:57) but not for testosterone. Rumination and lying down (inactive behaviors) reached a peak during the scotophase, whereas feeding, walking and stereotypy (active behaviors) reached a peak during the photophase around midday. Cortisol level and expression of stereotypies peaked before and after food distribution and were negatively correlated ( DISCUSSION: These preliminary results provided new knowledge about the daily rhythm of behaviors in camels housed in boxes, suggesting that camels exhibit diurnal behavior pattern in the maintenance conditions outlined in the study. Daily rhythmicity seemed to be entrained not only by the light-dark cycle but also by scheduled feeding. The rise in stereotypy after food distribution could be due to the persistence of feeding motivation and frustration after the ingestion of food. Therefore, feeding practices should be improved to satisfy the foraging and feeding motivation of these camels. Behavioral and hormonal daily patterns in camels should be taken in consideration to adapt the management system, giving the animals more freedom during the light period and a diet richer in fiber, so as to improve reproductive performance, health and welfare.
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