Observational studyAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2017
Race, Serum Potassium, and Associations With ESRD and Mortality.
Observational study in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Trial on the Effects of Dietary Potassium on Blood Pressure and Serum Potassium Levels in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Epidemiology of hyperkalemia among US emergency department patients without end-stage renal disease from 2016 to 2024.Clinical and experimental emergency medicine · 2026Article
- The association between postoperative nadir serum potassium and mortality within 28-day after aortic valve replacement.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Laboratory Abnormalities Associated With the Use of Preventive Pharmacological Therapy for Urinary Stone Disease.Urology · 2026Article
- Hypokalaemia in pregnancy - Prevalence, underlying causes, and an approach to investigation.Obstetric medicine · 2024Article
- Sacubitril-Valsartan in Patients Requiring Hemodialysis.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Review
- Machine learning algorithms identify hypokalaemia risk in people with hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Clinical outcomes by serum potassium levels for patients hospitalized for heart failure: Secondary analysis of data from the China National Heart Failure Registry.Clinical cardiology · 2023Article
- Hypokalaemia associated with hydrochlorothiazide used in the treatment of hypertension in NHANES 1999-2018.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- Hyperkalemia in CKD: an overview of available therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Chronic Hyperkaliemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Old Concern with New Answers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Association between serum potassium and risk of all-cause mortality among chronic kidney diseases patients: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of more than one million participants.Food science & nutrition · 2021Review
- Race-Specific Comparisons of Antihypertensive and Metabolic Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone.The American journal of medicine · 2021Article
- Low Serum Potassium Levels and Clinical Outcomes in Peritoneal Dialysis-International Results from PDOPPS.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia in patients on peritoneal dialysis: incidence and associated factors.International urology and nephrology · 2020Article
- Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium Concentrations on Ventricular Repolarization in Unselected Individuals.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2019Article
- Dyskalemia, its patterns, and prognosis among patients with incident heart failure: A nationwide study of US veterans.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies suggest that potassium levels may differ by race. The basis for these differences and whether associations between potassium levels and adverse outcomes differ by race are unknown. STUDY
designObservational study. SETTING &
participantsAssociations between race and potassium level and the interaction of race and potassium level with outcomes were investigated in the Racial and Cardiovascular Risk Anomalies in Chronic Kidney Disease (RCAV) Study, a cohort of US veterans (N=2,662,462). Associations between African ancestry and potassium level were investigated in African Americans in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (N=3,450). PREDICTORS: Race (African American vs non-African American and percent African ancestry) for cross-sectional analysis; serum potassium level for longitudinal analysis. OUTCOMES: Potassium level for cross-sectional analysis; mortality and end-stage renal disease for longitudinal analysis.
resultsThe RCAV cohort was 18% African American (N=470,985). Potassium levels on average were 0.162mmol/L lower in African Americans compared with non-African Americans, with differences persisting after adjustment for demographics, comorbid conditions, and potassium-altering medication use. In the ARIC Study, higher African ancestry was related to lower potassium levels (-0.027mmol/L per each 10% African ancestry). In both race groups, higher and lower potassium levels were associated with mortality. Compared to potassium level of 4.2mmol/L, mortality risk associated with lower potassium levels was lower in African Americans versus non-African Americans, whereas mortality risk associated with higher levels was slightly greater. Risk relationships between potassium and end-stage renal disease were weaker, with no difference by race. LIMITATIONS: No data for potassium intake.
conclusionsAfrican Americans had slightly lower serum potassium levels than non-African Americans. Consistent associations between potassium levels and percent African ancestry may suggest a genetic component to these differences. Higher and lower serum potassium levels were associated with mortality in both racial groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.