ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Socioeconomic Factors Explain Racial Disparities in Invasive Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Disease Rates.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- The intersection of the social determinants of health and antimicrobial resistance in human populations: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Neighborhood-level income and MRSA infection risk in the USA: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Incorporating Social Determinants of Health in Infectious Disease Models: A Systematic Review of Guidelines.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2024Pooled it
- Predictors of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial colonization prior to prostate biopsy: a secondary analysis of two randomized trials.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Trial
- Microbiologic Patterns Found in Periprosthetic Joint Infections Following Total Joint Arthroplasty Differ Across Race and Sex.Arthroplasty today · 2026Article
- Antibiotic knowledge among ethnic minority groups in high-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Racial disparities in healthcare-associated infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Wastewater surveillance reveals patterns of antibiotic resistance across the United States.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Racial disparities in antibiotic selection for community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal trends in tetracycline- and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistantEpidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Exploring opportunities to improve health equity with machine learning and artificial intelligence in healthcare epidemiology.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Review
- Social determinants and community-level risk factors in CA-MRSA transmission among disadvantaged populations in North America: A scoping review.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Association of factors linked to health inequalities and the risk of antibiotic-resistant infection in high-income countries: a systematic scoping review.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Incarceration is a key driver of racial disparities in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Cook County, IL.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Race, ethnicity and risk for colonisation and infection with key bacterial pathogens: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Syndemics of Antimicrobial Resistance: Non-communicable Diseases, Social Deprivation, and the Rise of Multidrug-Resistant Infections.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic position and urban environments as drivers of antimicrobial resistance? An ecological study in Germany, 2010 to 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status and the risk for colonisation or infection with priority bacterial pathogens: a global evidence map.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Review
- Risk of Postoperative Infection in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients with Preoperative Methicillin-ResistantJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Behavioral and Socio-Economic Determinants of Antimicrobial Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Invasive community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incidence in the United States is higher among black persons than white persons. We explored the extent to which socioeconomic factors might explain this racial disparity. Methods: A retrospective cohort was based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infections Program surveillance data for invasive community-associated MRSA cases (isolated from a normally sterile site of an outpatient or on hospital admission day ≤3 in a patient without specified major healthcare exposures) from 2009 to 2011 in 33 counties of 9 states. We used generalized estimating equations to determine census tract-level factors associated with differences in MRSA incidence and inverse odds ratio-weighted mediation analysis to determine the proportion of racial disparity mediated by socioeconomic factors. Results: Annual invasive community-associated MRSA incidence was 4.59 per 100000 among whites and 7.60 per 100000 among blacks (rate ratio [RR], 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52-1.80). In the mediation analysis, after accounting for census tract-level measures of federally designated medically underserved areas, education, income, housing value, and rural status, 91% of the original racial disparity was explained; no significant association of black race with community-associated MRSA remained (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, .92-1.20). Conclusions: The racial disparity in invasive community-associated MRSA rates was largely explained by socioeconomic factors. The specific factors that underlie the association between census tract-level socioeconomic measures and MRSA incidence, which may include modifiable social (eg, poverty, crowding) and biological factors (not explored in this analysis), should be elucidated to define strategies for reducing racial disparities in community-associated MRSA rates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.