ArticlePloS one2017
Chitosan-propolis nanoparticle formulation demonstrates anti-bacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chitosan vs. Sodium Hypochlorite AgainstMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of propolis-modified glass ionomer cement on antimicrobial activity and physico-mechanical properties: a systematic review.Odontology · 2026Pooled it
- 3-Hydroxyflavone Inhibits Biofilm Formation and Enhances Antibiotic Activity AgainstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gastrodin Inhibits Bacterial Biofilm Formation, Thereby Activating the Antibacterial Activity of Antibiotics.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Targeting Pathogenic Infection and Virulence Genes of Enterococcus Faecalis Using Lactoferrin Bismuth Nano-form.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial potential of different bee product-loaded carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens: a comparative in vitro study.BMC biotechnology · 2026Article
- Green Chitosan Bioplastics: How the Filler Impacts the Biological Activity and the Biodegradability?Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chihuahuan Propolis as a Non-Antibiotic Intracanal Agent AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Electrically Charged Lipid Nanoparticles as Intracanal Antimicrobial Delivery Systems: A Narrative Review of Preclinical Evidence for Biofilm Control.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Blue-Light Photoactivated Curcumin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Prepared by Nanoprecipitation and Ionic Gelation: A Promising Approach for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- The return of a forgotten ally: tabletop scanning electron microscopy in the realm of bacteriology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Chemical composition and pharmacological aspects of Malaysian stingless bee propolis: An up‑to‑date systematic review.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Applications of Chitosan in Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Infectious Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- HER-2 Receptor and αvβ3 Integrin Dual-Ligand Surface-Functionalized Liposome for Metastatic Breast Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Antibacterial Effects of Various Types of Bee Products in Malaysia: A Systematic Review.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Review
- Encapsulation of propolis extracted with methylal in the chitosan nanoparticles and its antibacterial and cell cytotoxicity studies.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Protective Effects of Propolis and Chitosan Nanoparticles against Ibuprofen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Antibacterial biofilm efficacy of calcium hydroxide loaded on Gum Arabic nanocarrier: an in-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Polyphenolic Nano-formulations: A New Avenue against Bacterial Infection.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Propolis obtained from bee hives is a natural substance with antimicrobial properties. It is limited by its insolubility in aqueous solutions; hence ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Malaysian propolis were prepared. Both the extracts displayed antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties against Enterococcus faecalis, a common bacterium associated with hospital-acquired infections. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of propolis revealed the presence of flavonoids like kaempferol and pinocembrin. This study investigated the role of propolis developed into nanoparticles with chitosan for its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties against E. faecalis. Bacteria that grow in a slimy layer of biofilm are resistant to penetration by antibacterial agents. The use of nanoparticles in medicine has received attention recently due to better bioavailability, enhanced penetrative capacity and improved efficacy. A chitosan-propolis nanoformulation was chosen based on ideal physicochemical properties such as particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency and the rate of release of the active ingredients. This formulation inhibited E. faecalis biofilm formation and reduced the number of bacteria in the biofilm by ~90% at 200 μg/ml concentration. When tested on pre-formed biofilms, the formulation reduced bacterial number in the biofilm by ~40% and ~75% at 200 and 300 μg/ml, respectively. The formulation not only reduced bacterial numbers, but also physically disrupted the biofilm structure as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Treatment of biofilms with chitosan-propolis nanoparticles altered the expression of biofilm-associated genes in E. faecalis. The results of this study revealed that chitosan-propolis nanoformulation can be deemed as a potential anti-biofilm agent in resisting infections involving biofilm formation like chronic wounds and surgical site infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.