ArticlePloS one2017
High prevalence of curable sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women in a rural county hospital in Kilifi, Kenya.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of genital and anorectal chlamydia trachomatis in Kenya by risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of curable STIs and bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sexually transmitted infections · 2022Pooled it
- Gonorrhoea: a systematic review of prevalence reporting globally.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Genital microbiota of women using a 90 day tenofovir or tenofovir and levonorgestrel intravaginal ring in a placebo controlled randomized safety trial in Kenya.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Article
- Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections and associated risk factors among pregnant women and key populations in Kenya: A multi-centre cross-sectional study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Burden and distribution of serologically detected HIV and syphilis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care in peri-urban Blantyre, Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Predictors and prevalence of self-reported sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women in East Africa: evidenced by demographic and health surveys.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Bacterial vaginosis, vaginal Candida colonization and antifungal susceptibility patterns in pregnant women of eastern Ethiopia: a prospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence, symptomology, and correlates of curable sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women in Eastern Cape, South Africa.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The effect of STI screening during pregnancy on vertical transmission of HIV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in South Africa: a modelling study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Menstrual cups to reduce bacterial vaginosis and STIs through reduced harmful sexual and menstrual practices among economically vulnerable women: protocol of a single arm trial in western Kenya.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis: comparison of primers for implementation as an in-house PCR in rural Vellore, South India.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics at public hospitals in West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Urogenital Infections Among Women Attending Mwingi Hospital, Kitui County, Kenya: Safeguarding Antibiotics Through Microbiological Diagnosis.The East African health research journal · 2024Article
- Sexually transmitted pathogens in asymptomatic women at Rethabile clinic, Limpopo, South Africa.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Second trimester vaginalFrontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Urogenital pathogens in urine samples of clinically diagnosed urinary tract infected patients in Tanzania: A laboratory based cross-sectional study.IJID regions · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen attending antenatal care (ANC) in resource-limited countries are frequently screened for syphilis and HIV, but rarely for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We assessed the prevalence of curable STIs, defined as infection with either Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Trichomonas vaginalis, from July to September 2015.
methodsIn a cross-sectional study, women attending ANC at the Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, had a urine sample tested for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae by GeneXpert® and a vaginal swab for T. vaginalis by culture. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was defined as a Nugent score of 7-10 of the Gram stain of a vaginal smear in combination with self-reported vaginal discharge. Genital ulcers were observed during collection of vaginal swabs. All women responded to questions on socio-demographics and sexual health and clinical symptoms of STIs. Predictors for curable STIs were assessed in multivariable logistic regression.
resultsA total of 42/202 (20.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI):15.4-27.0) women had a curable STI. The prevalence was 14.9% for C. trachomatis (95% CI:10.2-20.5), 1.0% for N. gonorrhoeae (95% CI: 0.1-3.5), 7.4% for T. vaginalis (95% CI:4.2-12.0), 19.3% for BV (95% CI: 14.1-25.4) and 2.5% for genital ulcers (95% CI: 0.8-5.7). Predictors for infection with curable STIs included women with a genital ulcer (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 35.0, 95% CI: 2.7-461.6) compared to women without a genital ulcer, women who used water for cleaning after visiting the toilet compared to those who used toilet paper or other solid means (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI:1.5-11.3), women who reported having sexual debut ≤ 17 years compared to women having sexual debut ≥18 years (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI:1.1-6.6), and BV-positive women (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI:1.1-6.6) compared to BV-negative women.
conclusionOne in five women attending ANC had a curable STI. These infections were associated with genital ulcers, hygiene practices, early sexual debut and bacterial vaginosis.
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