ArticlePloS one2017
Livestock-associated risk factors for pneumonia in an area of intensive animal farming in the Netherlands.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reporting of structural population assumptions in prevalence-based studies of animal feeding operations and community health.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Increased risk of pneumonia amongst residents living near goat farms in different livestock-dense regions in the Netherlands.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Risk of pneumonia among residents living near goat and poultry farms during 2014-2016.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Occupational exposure of goat farm workers to particulate matter and endotoxin.Annals of work exposures and health · 2026Article
- Swine production intensity and swine-specific fecal contamination of household surfaces at residences of industrial livestock operation workers and community residents, North Carolina, USA.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- Literature review on micro-organisms from domestic goats potentially causing human pneumonia.Infection ecology & epidemiology · 2024Review
- Risk of pneumonia in the vicinity of goat farms: a comparative assessment of temporal variation based on longitudinal health data.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Article
- Proximity to livestock farms and COVID-19 in the Netherlands, 2020-2021.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2022Article
- Identified micro-organisms in hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia patients living near goat and poultry farms.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2021Article
- Use of Antibiotics among Residents Living Close to Poultry or Goat Farms: A Nationwide Analysis in The Netherlands.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Prediction of human active mobility in rural areas: development and validity tests of three different approaches.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2020Article
- Morbidity Rates in an Area with High Livestock Density: A Registry-Based Study Including Different Groups of Patients with Respiratory Health Problems.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Observational
- Insights into Livestock-Related Microbial Concentrations in Air at Residential Level in a Livestock Dense Area.Environmental science & technology · 2019Article
- Patients with overlapping diagnoses of asthma and COPD: is livestock exposure a risk factor for comorbidity and coexisting symptoms and infections?BMC pulmonary medicine · 2019Article
- Attitude toward livestock farming does not influence the earlier observed association between proximity to goat farms and self-reported pneumonia.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Article
- Bacterial-Host Interactions: Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Infection.Physiological reviews · 2018Review
- Associations between pneumonia and residential distance to livestock farms over a five-year period in a large population-based study.PloS one · 2018Article
- A cross sectional study on Dutch layer farms to investigate the prevalence and potential risk factors for different Chlamydia species.PloS one · 2018Article
- Remarkable spatial variation in the seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii after a large Q fever epidemic.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Impacts of Intensive Livestock Production on Human Health in Densely Populated Regions.GeoHealth · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous research conducted in 2009 found a significant positive association between pneumonia in humans and living close to goat and poultry farms. However, as this result might have been affected by a large goat-related Q fever epidemic, the aim of the current study was to re-evaluate this association, now that the Q-fever epidemic had ended. In 2014/15, 2,494 adults (aged 20-72 years) living in a livestock-dense area in the Netherlands participated in a medical examination and completed a questionnaire on respiratory health, lifestyle and other items. We retrieved additional information for 2,426/2,494 (97%) participants from electronic medical records (EMR) from general practitioners. The outcome was self-reported, physician-diagnosed pneumonia or pneumonia recorded in the EMR in the previous three years. Livestock license data was used to determine exposure to livestock. We quantified associations between livestock exposures and pneumonia using odds ratios adjusted for participant characteristics and comorbidities (aOR). The three-year cumulative frequency of pneumonia was 186/2,426 (7.7%). Residents within 2,000m of a farm with at least 50 goats had an increased risk of pneumonia, which increased the closer they lived to the farm (2,000m aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.6; 500m aOR 4.4, 95% CI 2.0-9.8). We found no significant associations between exposure to other farm animals and pneumonia. However, when conducting sensitivity analyses using pneumonia outcome based on EMR only, we found a weak but statistically significant association with presence of a poultry farm within 1,000m (aOR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.7). Living close to goat and poultry farms still constitute risk factors for pneumonia. Individuals with pneumonia were not more often seropositive for Coxiella burnetii, indicating that results are not explained by Q fever. We strongly recommend identification of pneumonia causes by the use of molecular diagnostics and investigating the role of non-infectious agents such as particulate matter or endotoxins.
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