SynthesisJournal of the International AIDS Society2017
Postnatal HIV transmission in breastfed infants of HIV-infected women on ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission in breastfeeding mothers with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2024Pooled it
- Adherence, adverse drug reactions, and discontinuation associated with adverse drug reactions of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis: a meta-analysis based on cohort studies.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of the baby-friendly community initiative in promoting exclusive breastfeeding among HIV negative and positive mothers: a randomized controlled trial in Koibatek Sub-County, Baringo, Kenya.International breastfeeding journal · 2020Trial
- Comparative effects of three methods of promoting breastfeeding among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Uganda: a parallel randomized clinical trial.International health · 2018Trial
- Development and Piloting of a Home-Based Couples Intervention During Pregnancy and Postpartum in Southwestern Kenya.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2018Trial
- Breast milk antibody Fc signatures track with HIV transmission during breastfeeding in ART-naïve mothers.iScience · 2026Article
- Infant HIV-protection: Comparing antiretroviral therapy, maternal and infant factors influence on infant HIV acquisition in Uganda: A six-year real-world experience.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Unlearning prohibition: the de-implementation of HIV breastfeeding restrictions in the United States.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Understanding practices of lactation and infant feeding together with women with HIV: the UPLIFT observational study protocol.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Compliance with the WHO-recommended infant feeding practices among HIV-positive mothers at Public Health Facilities of Mekelle, Tigray, northern Ethiopia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Adoption of the Revised DHHS Guidelines on Breastmilk Feeding and HIV in the United States: Clinical Practices and Barriers.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV postnatal prophylaxis and infant feeding policies vary across Europe: results of a Penta survey.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Canadian guidance should present formula and breast- or chestfeeding as equivalent options for parents with virally suppressed HIV.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2025Article
- Postnatal HIV vertical transmission and the impact of infant feeding choice in the ART era.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2025Review
- Update on HIV prevention and management in pregnancy Number 10 - 2025.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Article
- Toward improving retention in HIV care after pregnancy: lessons from a post-pandemic cohort in the United States.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Breastfeeding: Clinical Considerations and Mechanisms of Transmission in the Modern Era of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Infant feeding knowledge among women living with HIV and their interaction with healthcare providers in a high-income setting: a longitudinal mixed methods study.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTo systematically review the literature on mother-to-child transmission in breastfed infants whose mothers received antiretroviral therapy and support the process of updating the World Health Organization infant feeding guidelines in the context of HIV and ART.
methodsWe reviewed experimental and observational studies; exposure was maternal HIV antiretroviral therapy (and duration) and infant feeding modality; outcomes were overall and postnatal HIV transmission rates in the infant at 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. English literature from 2005 to 2015 was systematically searched in multiple electronic databases. Papers were analysed by narrative synthesis; data were pooled in random effects meta-analyses. Postnatal transmission was assessed from four to six weeks of life. Study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE.
resultsEleven studies were identified, from 1439 citations and review of 72 abstracts. Heterogeneity in study methodology and pooled estimates was considerable. Overall pooled transmission rates at 6 months for breastfed infants with mothers on antiretroviral treatment (ART) was 3.54% (95% CI: 1.15-5.93%) and at 12 months 4.23% (95% CI: 2.97-5.49%). Postnatal transmission rates were 1.08 (95% CI: 0.32-1.85) at six and 2.93 (95% CI: 0.68-5.18) at 12 months. ART was mostly provided for PMTCT only and did not continue beyond six months postpartum. No study provided data on mixed feeding and transmission risk.
conclusionThere is evidence of substantially reduced postnatal HIV transmission risk under the cover of maternal ART. However, transmission risk increased once PMTCT ART stopped at six months, which supports the current World Health Organization recommendations of life-long ART for all.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.