ArticleLupus2017
Prospective validation of a novel renal activity index of lupus nephritis.
Article in Lupus, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers of Lupus Nephritis Histopathology: Where Do We Stand?Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Pooled it
- Elevated Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Is a Biomarker for Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- The Renal Activity Index for Lupus: Validation for Prediction of Kidney Inflammation in Adult Patients With Lupus Nephritis.The Journal of rheumatology · 2026Trial
- The Renal Activity Index for Lupus Identifies Active Renal Disease and Treatment Response in Adult Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Evaluation of clinical, histological and biomarker response after initial therapy of lupus nephritis.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of Multiplex Assays for Lupus Nephritis Activity Biomarkers.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Urinary Biomarkers Associated With Pathogenic Pathways Reflecting Histologic Findings in Lupus Nephritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Development and validation of non-invasive prediction models for assessing kidney histopathological activity index in lupus nephritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- New Insights on Childhood Lupus Nephritis.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2025Review
- Urinary Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis: A Systems Biology Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Urinary biomarkers associated with podocyte injury in lupus nephritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Investigating the value of urinary biomarkers in relation to lupus nephritis histopathology: present insights and future prospects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- External Validation of a Urinary Biomarker Risk Score for the Prediction of Steroid Responsiveness in Adults With Nephrotic Syndrome.Kidney international reports · 2023Article
- Urinary markers differentially associate with kidney inflammatory activity and chronicity measures in patients with lupus nephritis.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- Urinary HER2, TWEAK and VCAM-1 levels are associated with new-onset proteinuria in paediatric lupus nephritis.Lupus science & medicine · 2022Article
- Stability of novel urinary biomarkers used for lupus nephritis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Successful Urine Multiplex Bead Assay to Measure Lupus Nephritis Activity.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- Adiponectin Deregulation in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Urinary Peptides as Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis: Results of the Peptidu-LUP Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The utility of urinary biomarker panel in predicting renal pathology and treatment response in Chinese lupus nephritis patients.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives The renal activity index for lupus (RAIL) score was developed in children with lupus nephritis as a weighted sum of six urine biomarkers (UBMs) (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, ceruloplasmin, adiponectin, hemopexin and kidney injury molecule 1) measured in a random urine sample. We aimed at prospectively validating the RAIL in adults with lupus nephritis. Methods Urine from 79 adults was collected at the time of kidney biopsy to assay the RAIL UBMs. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we evaluated the accuracy of the RAIL to discriminate high lupus nephritis activity status (National Institutes of Health activity index (NIH-AI) score >10), from low/moderate lupus nephritis activity status (NIH-AI score ≤10). Results In this mixed racial cohort, high lupus nephritis activity was present in 15 patients (19%), and 71% had proliferative lupus nephritis. Use of the identical RAIL algorithm developed in children resulted in only fair prediction of lupus nephritis activity status of adults (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.62). Alternative weightings of the six RAIL UBMs as suggested by logistic regression yielded excellent accuracy to predict lupus nephritis activity status (AUC 0.88). Accuracy of the model did not improve with adjustment of the UBMs for urine creatinine or albumin, and was little influenced by concurrent kidney damage. Conclusions The RAIL UBMs provide excellent prediction of lupus nephritis activity in adults. Age adaption of the RAIL is warranted to optimize its discriminative validity to predict high lupus nephritis activity status non-invasively.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.