SynthesisBMJ open2017
Incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus with HIV infection in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence and incidence of infections among people with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical and sociodemographic factors of diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and influences of diabetes and prediabetes among adults living with HIV in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Pooled it
- An integrated HIV and chronic disease intervention to reduce HIV infection risk among older men who have sex with men in China: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- HIV associated epigenetic trends and chronic diseases: insights into the hidden burden of chronic infection.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Review
- Incident type 2 diabetes and its risk factors in men and women aged 40-60 years from four sub-Saharan African countries: results from the AWI-Gen study.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Article
- The prevalence of comorbidities and differences in noncommunicable diseases and nonrandom associations of comorbidities between HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals in Guangdong Province, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of HIV-Associated Metabolic Syndrome and Clinical Management Recommendations.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- Cost analysis of adding hypertension and diabetes management into routine HIV care in Mbarara and Ibanda districts, Uganda.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Integrating hypertension detection and management in HIV care in South Africa: protocol for a stepped-wedged cluster randomized effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial.Implementation science communications · 2024Article
- Insights Into Sociodemographic Influences on Type 2 Diabetes Care and Opportunities for Digital Health Promotion in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Quantitative Study.JMIR diabetes · 2024Article
- SHBG, Free Testosterone, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Middle-aged African Men: A Longitudinal Study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Article
- Cardiometabolic health in people with HIV: expert consensus review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Review
- Lived experiences of people living with HIV and hypertension or diabetes access to care in Ethiopia: a phenomenological study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Gaps in the type 2 diabetes care cascade: a national perspective using South Africa's National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) database.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- HIV infection in adult Ugandans with new-onset type 2 diabetes: exploring its influence on the anthropometric and metabolic profile.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome and its components among adults living with and without HIV in Nigeria: a single-center study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Article
- A large portion of diabetes cases in sub-Saharan African populations with HIV represent drug-induced diabetes.Diabetologia · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis systematic review aims to investigate the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with HIV infection in African populations.
settingOnly studies reporting data from Africa were included.
participantsA systematic search was conducted using four databases for articles referring to HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, and T2DM in Africa. Articles were excluded if they reported data on children, animals or type 1 diabetes exclusively.
main outcome measuresIncidence of T2DM and prevalence of T2DM. Risk ratios were generated for pooled data using random effects models. Bias was assessed using an adapted Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool.
resultsOf 1056 references that were screened, only 20 were selected for inclusion. Seven reported the incidence of T2DM in patients with HIV infection, eight reported the prevalence of T2DM in HIV-infected versus uninfected individuals and five reported prevalence of T2DM in HIV-treated versus untreated patients. Incidence rates ranged from 4 to 59 per 1000 person years. Meta-analysis showed no significant differences between T2DM prevalence in HIV-infected individuals versus uninfected individuals (risk ratio (RR) =1.61, 95% CI 0.62 to 4.21, p=0.33), or between HIV-treated patients versus untreated patients (RR=1.38, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.87, p=0.39), and heterogeneity was high in both meta-analyses (I
conclusionsMeta-analysis showed no association between T2DM prevalence and HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy; however, these results are limited by the high heterogeneity of the included studies and moderate-to-high risk of bias, as well as, the small number of studies included. There is a need for well-designed prospective longitudinal studies with larger population sizes to better assess incidence and prevalence of T2DM in African patients with HIV. Furthermore, screening for T2DM using gold standard methods in this population is necessary. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO42016038689.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.