ArticlePragmatic and observational research2017
An evaluation of exact matching and propensity score methods as applied in a comparative effectiveness study of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma.
Article in Pragmatic and observational research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Performance of propensity score methods in observational studies: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term postmarketing safety of psoriasis treatments on autoimmune disease risk: a 15-year nationwide cohort study in Denmark.Skin health and disease · 2026Article
- Comparing Different As-Treated Approaches: A Methodological Study Using Real-World Data on Psoriasis Treatments.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Economic Impact of Bariatric Surgery in Australia: 16-Year Results from the 45 and Up Study with Linked Health Data.Obesity surgery · 2024Article
- A Risk Quantification Reference Table for Progressed Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: An Exact Case Matched Outcomes Analysis.Global spine journal · 2023Article
- Concurrent SARS-COV-19 and acute appendicitis: Management and outcomes across United States children's hospitals.Surgery · 2023Article
- Optimising the use of physiotherapy resources after manipulation under anaesthetic for frozen shoulder.Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2023Article
- Real-world evidence for the long-term effect of allergen immunotherapy: Current status on database-derived European studies.Allergy · 2022Review
- Different failure rates of insertion of 10/12-Fr ureteral access sheaths during retrograde intrarenal surgery in patients with and without stones.Investigative and clinical urology · 2022Article
- Real-Time Risk Tool for Pharmacy Interventions.Hospital pharmacy · 2022Article
- Exact matching of trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy to conventional trabeculectomy with mitomycin C followed for 2 years.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Article
- Impact of the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Score on Clinical Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Receiving P2Y12 Inhibitor Monotherapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers but Not Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Are Associated With a Reduced Risk of Acute Kidney Injury After Major Surgery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Article
- Association of laparoscopic colectomy versus open colectomy on the long-term health-related quality of life of colon cancer survivors.Surgical endoscopy · 2020Article
- P2Y12 Inhibitor Monotherapy with Clopidogrel Versus Ticagrelor in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Real-Life Patterns of Exacerbations While on Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long-Acting Beta Agonists for Asthma over 15 Years.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Patterns of Care and Outcomes in Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx Treated in the Modern Era.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- History of posttraumatic stress disorder and outcomes after kidney transplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2019Article
- Social Connectedness Factors that Facilitate Use of Healthcare Services: Comparison of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming and Cisgender Adolescents.The Journal of pediatrics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCohort matching and regression modeling are used in observational studies to control for confounding factors when estimating treatment effects. Our objective was to evaluate exact matching and propensity score methods by applying them in a 1-year pre-post historical database study to investigate asthma-related outcomes by treatment.
methodsWe drew on longitudinal medical record data in the PHARMO database for asthma patients prescribed the treatments to be compared (ciclesonide and fine-particle inhaled corticosteroid [ICS]). Propensity score methods that we evaluated were propensity score matching (PSM) using two different algorithms, the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), covariate adjustment using the propensity score, and propensity score stratification. We defined balance, using standardized differences, as differences of <10% between cohorts.
resultsOf 4064 eligible patients, 1382 (34%) were prescribed ciclesonide and 2682 (66%) fine-particle ICS. The IPTW and propensity score-based methods retained more patients (96%-100%) than exact matching (90%); exact matching selected less severe patients. Standardized differences were >10% for four variables in the exact-matched dataset and <10% for both PSM algorithms and the weighted pseudo-dataset used in the IPTW method. With all methods, ciclesonide was associated with better 1-year asthma-related outcomes, at one-third the prescribed dose, than fine-particle ICS; results varied slightly by method, but direction and statistical significance remained the same.
conclusionWe found that each method has its particular strengths, and we recommend at least two methods be applied for each matched cohort study to evaluate the robustness of the findings. Balance diagnostics should be applied with all methods to check the balance of confounders between treatment cohorts. If exact matching is used, the calculation of a propensity score could be useful to identify variables that require balancing, thereby informing the choice of matching criteria together with clinical considerations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.