ArticlePopulation health metrics2017
Prevalence and risk factors for anemia severity and type in Malawian men and women: urban and rural differences.
Article in Population health metrics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and predictors of anemia among children in Ethiopia.African health sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Machine learning approaches to predict maternal anemia and Identifying associated factors among pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of anemia among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities in Jigjiga, Ethiopia.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Environmental Determinants of Hemoglobin Levels Among Women: A Multilevel Analysis in South and Southeast Asia.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2026Article
- Review
- Anaemia prevalence and risk factors among nonpregnant and pregnant women of reproductive age in Ghana: an analysis of the Ghana demographic and health survey data.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Modelling health outcomes of a decade of HIV, malaria and tuberculosis initiatives, Malawi.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2025Article
- Anaemia and associated factors in people living with HIV on ART in Southern Province of Zambia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Agenda-setting for iron deficiency anaemia prevention and control policies in Iran by multiple streams framework.Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- Prevalence of anemia and related factors among Tabari cohort population: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution and determinant factors of anemia among women age 15-49 years in Burkina Faso; using mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression model.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Article
- Multilevel predictors of anaemia among pregnant women in Ghana: New evidence from the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Sociodemographic factors associated with anemia among reproductive age women in Mali; evidenced by Mali malaria indicator survey 2021: spatial and multilevel mixed effect model analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Article
- Determinants of anemia among women of childbearing age: analysis of the 2018 Mali demographic and health survey.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Trends in prevalence and determinants of severe and moderate anaemia among women of reproductive age during the last 15 years in India.PloS one · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundThe global burden of anemia is large especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV is common and lifestyles are changing rapidly with urbanization. The effects of these changes are unknown. Studies of anemia usually focus on pregnant women or children, among whom the burden is greatest. We describe prevalence and risk factors for anemia among rural and urban men and women of all ages in Malawi.
methodsWe analyzed data from a population-wide cross-sectional survey of adults conducted in two sites, Karonga (rural) and Lilongwe (urban), commencing in May 2013. We used multinomial logistic regression models, stratified by sex to identify risk factors for mild and moderate-to-severe anemia.
resultsAnemia prevalence was assessed among 8,926 men (age range 18-100 years) and 14,978 women (age range: 18-103 years). Weighted prevalence levels for all, mild, and moderate-to-severe anemia were 8.2, 6.7 and 1.2% in rural men; 19.4, 12.0 and 7.4% in rural women; 5.9, 5.1 and 0.8% in urban men; and 23.4, 13.6 and 10.1% in urban women. Among women, the odds of anemia were higher among urban residents and those with higher socioeconomic status. Increasing age was associated with higher anemia prevalence in men. Among both men and women, HIV infection was a consistent risk factor for severity of anemia, though its relative effect was stronger on moderate-to-severe anemia.
conclusionsThe drivers of anemia in this population are complex, include both socioeconomic and biological factors and are affecting men and women differently. The associations with urban lifestyle and HIV indicate opportunities for targeted intervention.
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