Observational studyMedicine2017
Clinical and microbiological features of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella associated with HIV-infected patients, Gauteng Province, South Africa.
Observational study in Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review on antimicrobial resistance and treatment.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- The global burden of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Clinical and microbiological profile of invasive Salmonella disease in Mexico: a single-center retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Indispensable role of AcrEF in modulating Salmonella virulence and disrupting host tight junctions to facilitate paracellular entry and invasion.Biology direct · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of iNTS vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in rarely reportedFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Invasive Non-TyphoidalInfection and immunity · 2023Article
- Case-control investigation of invasive Salmonella disease in Malawi reveals no evidence of environmental or animal transmission of invasive strains, and supports human to human transmission.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- HIV and Mediterranean Zoonoses: A Review of the Literature.Infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- Genetic characterization ofAccess microbiology · 2022Article
- Massive purulent pericardial effusion with ultrasound features of tamponade secondary to non-typhoid Salmonella infection.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Virulence Gene Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance and Multilocus Sequence Typing ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Treponema pallidum Macrolide Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology in Southern Africa, 2008 to 2018.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2021Article
- The genomic epidemiology of multi-drug resistant invasive non-typhoidalBMJ global health · 2021Article
- Staged progression epidemic models for the transmission of invasive nontyphoidalMathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE · 2021Article
- Pathogenic signature of invasive non-typhoidalHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Article
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infections in Kisantu, DR Congo: Emergence of O5-negative Salmonella Typhimurium and extensive drug resistance.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007-2014.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of this study was to define factors associated with HIV-infected versus uninfected patients with invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) and factors associated with mortality, which are inadequately described in Africa.Laboratory-based surveillance for iNTS was undertaken. At selected sentinel sites, clinical data (age, sex, HIV status, severity of illness, and outcome) were collected.Surveillance was conducted in Gauteng, South Africa, from 2003 to 2013. Clinical and microbiological differences between HIV-infected and uninfected patients were defined and risk factors for mortality established.Of 4886 iNTS infections in Gauteng from 2003 to 2013, 3106 (63.5%) were diagnosed at sentinel sites. Among persons with iNTS infections, more HIV-infected persons were aged ≥5 years (χ = 417.6; P < 0.001) and more HIV-infected children were malnourished (χ = 5.8; P = 0.02). Although 760 (30.6%) patients died, mortality decreased between 2003 [97/263 (36.9%)] and 2013 [926/120 (21.7%)]. On univariate analysis, mortality was associated with patients aged 25 to 49 years [odds ratio (OR) = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.7-2.7; P < 0.001 and ≥50 years (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 2.2-4.1; P < 0.001) compared with children < 5 years, HIV-infected patients (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.7-3.4; P < 0.001), and severe illness (OR = 5.4; 95% CI = 3.6-8.1; P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, mortality was associated with patients aged ≥50 years [adjusted OR (AOR) = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.1-6.1, P < 0.001] and severe illness (AOR = 6.3; 95% CI = 3.8-10.5; P < 0.001).Mortality due to iNTS in Gauteng remains high primarily due to disease severity. Interventions must be aimed at predisposing conditions, including HIV, other immune-suppressive conditions, and malignancy.
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