Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28346536›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2017

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and environmental risk factors for soil-transmitted helminth intensity of infection in Timor-Leste, using real time PCR.

Suzy J Campbell, Susana V Nery, Rebecca Wardell, Catherine A D'Este, Darren J Gray, James S McCarthy, Rebecca J Traub, Ross M Andrews, Stacey Llewellyn, Andrew J Vallely and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Suzy J CampbellResearch School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-5540-1360
Susana V NeryResearch School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Rebecca WardellResearch School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Catherine A D'EsteResearch School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Darren J GrayResearch School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
James S McCarthySchool of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Rebecca J TraubFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Ross M AndrewsMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.
Stacey LlewellynClinical Tropical Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Andrew J VallelyKirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
Gail M WilliamsSchool of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Archie C A ClementsResearch School of Population Health, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Australian National University · AUThe University of Queensland · AUCharles Darwin University · AUQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · AUThe University of Melbourne · AUUNSW Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNo investigations have been undertaken of risk factors for intensity of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection in Timor-Leste. This study provides the first analysis of risk factors for intensity of STH infection, as determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR), examining a broad range of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and environmental factors, among communities in Manufahi District, Timor-Leste.

methodsA baseline cross-sectional survey of 18 communities was undertaken as part of a cluster randomised controlled trial, with additional identically-collected data from six other communities. qPCR was used to assess STH infection from stool samples, and questionnaires administered to collect WASH, demographic, and socioeconomic data. Environmental information was obtained from open-access sources and linked to infection outcomes. Mixed-effects multinomial logistic regression was undertaken to assess risk factors for intensity of Necator americanus and Ascaris infection.

results2152 participants provided stool and questionnaire information for this analysis. In adjusted models incorporating WASH, demographic and environmental variables, environmental variables were generally associated with infection intensity for both N. americanus and Ascaris spp. Precipitation (in centimetres) was associated with increased risk of moderate-intensity (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-19.3) and heavy-intensity (ARR 6.6; 95% CI 3.1-14.1) N. americanus infection, as was sandy-loam soil around households (moderate-intensity ARR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0-4.3; heavy-intensity ARR 2.7; 95% CI 1.6-4.5; compared to no infection). For Ascaris, alkaline soil around the household was associated with reduced risk of moderate-intensity infection (ARR 0.21; 95% CI 0.09-0.51), and heavy-intensity infection (ARR 0.04; 95% CI 0.01-0.25). Few WASH risk factors were significant.

conclusionIn this high-prevalence setting, strong risk associations with environmental factors indicate that anthelmintic treatment alone will be insufficient to interrupt STH transmission, as conditions are favourable for ongoing environmental transmission. Integrated STH control strategies should be explored as a priority.

Indexed as

HygieneMolecular Diagnostic TechniquesReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionWater MicrobiologyAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnimalsChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesEnvironmental ExposureFecesFemaleHelminthiasisSoil

Identifiers

PMID28346536
PMCPMC5383321
OpenAlexW2603334898

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.