Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28338764›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of epidemiology2017

Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Dagfinn Aune, Edward Giovannucci, Paolo Boffetta, Lars T Fadnes, NaNa Keum, Teresa Norat, Darren C Greenwood, Elio Riboli, Lars J Vatten, Serena Tonstad

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 990 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
990citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06006182 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

The Effects of Freeze-Dried Whole Grape Powder on Chronic Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Hunger, Satiety, and Body Composition in Free-Living People-a Pilot Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorCalifornia State Polytechnic University, PomonaRan2023 to 2024Enrolled30ConditionsHealthy PeopleArmsGrape Powder
NCT07581847 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

A Boost of Health: Effectiveness of a Personalized Communication Intervention Aimed at Increasing Daily Fruit and Vegetable Portions - A Study Within the PNRR 10 ON Foods Partnership

TypeinterventionalSponsorMarco D'AddarioRan2024 to 2026Enrolled403ConditionsInteractive Condition (HAPA-I: Group 1), Non-interactive Condition (HAPA-NI: Group 2), Non-communication Condition (No Comm: Group 3)ArmsInteractive communication, Non-interactive Communication, Self-monitoring
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

990 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Sustainable dietary recommendations for the Spanish population.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
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930 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Dagfinn AuneDepartment of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Edward GiovannucciChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Paolo BoffettaTisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Lars T FadnesDepartment of Global Public Health and Primary Care & Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
NaNa KeumDepartment of Epidemiology.
Teresa NoratDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Darren C GreenwoodBiostatistics Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Elio RiboliDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lars J VattenDepartment of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Serena TonstadDepartment of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Questions remain about the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality, and the effects of specific types of fruit and vegetables. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify these associations. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched up to 29 September 2016. Prospective studies of fruit and vegetable intake and cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality were included. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using a random effects model, and the mortality burden globally was estimated; 95 studies (142 publications) were included. Results: For fruits and vegetables combined, the summary RR per 200 g/day was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90-0.94, I 2  = 0%, n  = 15] for coronary heart disease, 0.84 (95% CI: 0.76-0.92, I 2  = 73%, n  = 10) for stroke, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90-0.95, I 2  = 31%, n  = 13) for cardiovascular disease, 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99, I 2  = 49%, n  = 12) for total cancer and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87-0.93, I 2  = 83%, n  = 15) for all-cause mortality. Similar associations were observed for fruits and vegetables separately. Reductions in risk were observed up to 800 g/day for all outcomes except cancer (600 g/day). Inverse associations were observed between the intake of apples and pears, citrus fruits, green leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and salads and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality, and between the intake of green-yellow vegetables and cruciferous vegetables and total cancer risk. An estimated 5.6 and 7.8 million premature deaths worldwide in 2013 may be attributable to a fruit and vegetable intake below 500 and 800 g/day, respectively, if the observed associations are causal. Conclusions: Fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality. These results support public health recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature mortality.

Indexed as

DietFruitVegetablesCardiovascular DiseasesHumansMortalityNeoplasmsProspective StudiesRisk Reduction Behaviorall-cause mortalitycancercardiovascular diseasecohortdietFruit and vegetablesglobal assessmentnutrition

Identifiers

PMID28338764
PMCPMC5837313

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.