ArticleScientific reports2017
Neurotoxicity Comparison of Two Types of Local Anaesthetics: Amide-Bupivacaine versus Ester-Procaine.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of MicroRNAs in Anesthesia-Induced Neurotoxicity in Animal Models and Neuronal Cultures: a Systematic Review.Neurotoxicity research · 2020Pooled it
- Targeting Mitochondria for Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Regional anesthesia after spinal cord injury attenuates behavioral loss, hemorrhage, and cell death.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Tetrodotoxin Delivery Pen Safely Uses Potent Natural Neurotoxin to Manage Severe Cutaneous Pain.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Research progress of rebound pain after nerve block in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Tetracaine hydrochloride induces macrophage pyroptosis through caspase‑1/11‑GSDMD signaling pathways.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Dexamethasone Does not Compensate for Local Anesthetic Cytotoxic Effects on Tenocytes: Morphine or Morphine Plus Dexamethasone May Be a Safe Alternative.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- P53 and taurine upregulated gene 1 promotes the repair of the DeoxyriboNucleic Acid damage induced by bupivacaine in murine primary sensory neurons.Bioengineered · 2022Article
- Bupivacaine Induces ROS-Dependent Autophagic Damage in DRG Neurons via TUG1/mTOR in a High-Glucose Environment.Neurotoxicity research · 2022Article
- MiRNA-494-3p Regulates Bupivacaine-Induced Neurotoxicity by the CDK6-PI3K/AKT Signaling.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Article
- Article
- The DNA Repair Enzyme XPD Is Partially Regulated by PI3K/AKT Signaling in the Context of Bupivacaine-Mediated Neuronal DNA Damage.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- Procaine-The Controversial Geroprotector Candidate: New Insights Regarding Its Molecular and Cellular Effects.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Review
- Maternal sciatic nerve administered bupivacaine induces hippocampal cell apoptosis in offspring.BMC anesthesiology · 2020Article
- Does Rebound Pain after Peripheral Nerve Block for Orthopedic Surgery Impact Postoperative Analgesia and Opioid Consumption? A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
- Procaine penicillin alters swimming behaviour and physiological parameters of Daphnia magna.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Downregulation of MicroRNA-33-5p Protected Bupivacaine-Induced Apoptosis in Murine Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Through GDNF.Neurotoxicity research · 2019Article
- Tetramethylpyrazine attenuated bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells through regulating apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative damage.Drug design, development and therapy · 2019Article
- High Glucose Enhances Bupivacaine-Induced Neurotoxicity via MCU-Mediated Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Article
- Comprehensive exploration of the anticancer activities of procaine and its binding with calf thymus DNA: a multi spectroscopic and molecular modelling study.RSC advances · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Local anaesthetics (LAs) may lead to neurological complications, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Many neurotoxicity research studies have examined different LAs, but none have comprehensively explored the distinct mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by amide- (bupivacaine) and ester- (procaine) type LAs. Here, based on a CCK8 assay, LDH assay, Rhod-2-AM and JC-1 staining, 2',7'-dichlorohy-drofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium probes, an alkaline comet assay, and apoptosis assay, we show that both bupivacaine and procaine significantly induce mitochondrial calcium overload and a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as overproduction of ROS, DNA damage and apoptosis (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in mitochondrial injury and apoptosis between the bupivacaine and procaine subgroups (P > 0.05). However, to our surprise, the superoxide anionic level after treatment with bupivacaine, which leads to more severe DNA damage, was higher than the level after treatment with procaine, while procaine produced more peroxidation than bupivacaine. Some of these results were also affirmed in dorsal root ganglia neurons of C57 mice. The differences in the superoxidation and peroxidation induced by these agents suggest that different types of LAs may cause neurotoxicity via different pathways. We can target more accurate treatment based on their different mechanisms of neurotoxicity.
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