ArticleScientific reports2017
Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia changes associated with increased migration and phagocytic activity: involvement of the CB2 receptor.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04853836 (Olfactory Disfunction After COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 83 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Olfactory Disfunction After COVID-19: Conventional Therapy Versus Intervention Treatment With Co-ultraPEALut
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Palmitoylethanolamide: A Nutritional Approach to Keep Neuroinflammation within Physiological Boundaries-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Palmitoylethanolamide-Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin for Postinfectious Olfactory Disorders: How Clinically Meaningful Is Its Effect?ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties · 2024Trial
- Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Supplement Combined with Olfactory Training to Treat Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Impairment: A Multi-Center Double-Blinded Randomized Placebo- Controlled Clinical Trial.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Trial
- A double-blind randomized placebo controlled study assessing safety, tolerability and efficacy of palmitoylethanolamide for symptoms of knee osteoarthritis.Inflammopharmacology · 2019Trial
- New Adjuvant Therapies for Obesity-Related Disorders Associated with Meta-Neuroinflammation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol and other non-psychotropic cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa as therapeutics for microglial-mediated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Review
- Reduced CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Expression in Alzheimer's Disease and Transgenic Mouse Models.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2026Article
- The role of gut microbiota in neuropathic pain: insights into immune mechanisms.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Microglial Activation in Nociplastic Pain: From Preclinical Models to PET Neuroimaging and Implications for Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Deciphering the interaction between N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine and the endocannabinoidome.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Palmitoylethanolamide: A Multifunctional Molecule for Neuroprotection, Chronic Pain, and Immune Modulation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The Endocannabinoid System: Implications in Gastrointestinal Physiology and Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Novel fluorinated cannabinoid analogs modulate cytokine expression in human C20 microglial cells.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α/γ and Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonist Attenuated Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Exosome-Related Abnormalities in Mice.The American journal of pathology · 2025Article
- A Decades-Long Journey of Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) for Chronic Neuropathic Pain Management: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Pain and therapy · 2025Review
- The immunomodulating effect of palmitoylethanolamide on human myeloid dendritic cells and its possible impact on Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Anti-neuroinflammatory therapy for non-pulsatile tinnitus in patients with sinus vascular anomalies: preliminary result on two cases.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The endogenous fatty acid amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory actions mainly through inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory molecules from mast cells, monocytes and macrophages. Indirect activation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is among the several mechanisms of action that have been proposed to underlie the different effects of PEA in vivo. In this study, we used cultured rat microglia and human macrophages to evaluate whether PEA affects eCB signaling. PEA was found to increase CB2 mRNA and protein expression through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation. This novel gene regulation mechanism was demonstrated through: (i) pharmacological PPAR-α manipulation, (ii) PPAR-α mRNA silencing, (iii) chromatin immunoprecipitation. Moreover, exposure to PEA induced morphological changes associated with a reactive microglial phenotype, including increased phagocytosis and migratory activity. Our findings suggest indirect regulation of microglial CB2R expression as a new possible mechanism underlying the effects of PEA. PEA can be explored as a useful tool for preventing/treating the symptoms associated with neuroinflammation in CNS disorders.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.