ArticleBMC evolutionary biology2017
A genetic chronology for the Indian Subcontinent points to heavily sex-biased dispersals.
Article in BMC evolutionary biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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38 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Analysis of Selective Pressure on Ancient Human Mitochondrial Genomes Reveals the Presence of Widespread Sequencing Artefacts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Reconstructing the population history of the Nicobarese.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2024Article
- Human Y chromosome haplogroup L1-M22 traces Neolithic expansion in West Asia and supports the Elamite and Dravidian connection.iScience · 2024Article
- The maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders and the last glacial maximum aftermath.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2023Article
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- The maternal U1 haplogroup in the Koraga tribe as a correlate of their North Dravidian linguistic affinity.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Sequence analyses of Malaysian Indigenous communities reveal historical admixture between Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers and Neolithic farmers.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Molecular genetic landscape of hereditary hearing loss in Pakistan.Human genetics · 2022Review
- Ancient DNA at the edge of the world: Continental immigration and the persistence of Neolithic male lineages in Bronze Age Orkney.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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- Mitogenomics of modern Mongolic-speaking populations.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2022Article
- Fitness and Power: The Contribution of Genetics to the History of Differential Reproduction.Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior · 2021Article
- Complete mitogenomes document substantial genetic contribution from the Eurasian Steppe into northern Pakistani Indo-Iranian speakers.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2021Article
- Integrating Linguistics, Social Structure, and Geography to Model Genetic Diversity within India.Molecular biology and evolution · 2021Article
- Y-DNA genetic evidence reveals several different ancient origins in the Brahmin population.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2021Article
- Article
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Abstract
backgroundIndia is a patchwork of tribal and non-tribal populations that speak many different languages from various language families. Indo-European, spoken across northern and central India, and also in Pakistan and Bangladesh, has been frequently connected to the so-called "Indo-Aryan invasions" from Central Asia ~3.5 ka and the establishment of the caste system, but the extent of immigration at this time remains extremely controversial. South India, on the other hand, is dominated by Dravidian languages. India displays a high level of endogamy due to its strict social boundaries, and high genetic drift as a result of long-term isolation which, together with a very complex history, makes the genetic study of Indian populations challenging.
resultsWe have combined a detailed, high-resolution mitogenome analysis with summaries of autosomal data and Y-chromosome lineages to establish a settlement chronology for the Indian Subcontinent. Maternal lineages document the earliest settlement ~55-65 ka (thousand years ago), and major population shifts in the later Pleistocene that explain previous dating discrepancies and neutrality violation. Whilst current genome-wide analyses conflate all dispersals from Southwest and Central Asia, we were able to tease out from the mitogenome data distinct dispersal episodes dating from between the Last Glacial Maximum to the Bronze Age. Moreover, we found an extremely marked sex bias by comparing the different genetic systems.
conclusionsMaternal lineages primarily reflect earlier, pre-Holocene processes, and paternal lineages predominantly episodes within the last 10 ka. In particular, genetic influx from Central Asia in the Bronze Age was strongly male-driven, consistent with the patriarchal, patrilocal and patrilineal social structure attributed to the inferred pastoralist early Indo-European society. This was part of a much wider process of Indo-European expansion, with an ultimate source in the Pontic-Caspian region, which carried closely related Y-chromosome lineages, a smaller fraction of autosomal genome-wide variation and an even smaller fraction of mitogenomes across a vast swathe of Eurasia between 5 and 3.5 ka.
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