ReviewViruses2017
Complete and Incomplete Hepatitis B Virus Particles: Formation, Function, and Application.
Review in Viruses, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 165 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
165 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 279 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis B virus resistance to tenofovir: fact or fiction? A systematic literature review and structural analysis of drug resistance mechanisms.Wellcome open research · 2020Pooled it
- Hepatitis B virus infection with high HBsAg and undetectable DNA levels in untreated blood donors: Viral mechanisms and transfusion safety implications.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Understanding Basic Concepts of Viral Quasispecies: From Evolutionary Dynamics to Clinical Relevance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Promotion of hepatitis B virus infection by extracellular apolipoprotein E.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Development of a hypersensitive digital ELISA system for hepatitis B core antigen.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Unveiling DNAJB12 and DNAJB14 as crucial chaperones in hepatitis B and D virus particle morphogenesis.iScience · 2026Article
- Cryo-EM structures of HBV capsids from human cells at near-atomic resolution.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into CAM-induced disruption of HBV capsids revealed by all-atom MD simulations.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Challenges and Solutions in pgRNA Measurement: Toward Improved Monitoring of Hepatitis B Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Auranofin, identified by FDA-approved drug library screening, inhibits HBs antigen secretion via lysosomal damage.PloS one · 2026Article
- Classification, functions, evolution, and applications of defective viral genomes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Sophora alopecuroides biflavones glycoside, isolated from Sophora alopecuroides, inhibits the secretion of hepatitis B virus surface antigen through direct interaction with its antigenic loop domain.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Insights of HIV-1 and HBV transcriptional regulation by viral transactivator Tat and HBx.Virus genes · 2025Review
- Mechanistic insights into CAM-induced disruption of HBV capsids revealed by all-atom MD simulations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays for hepatitis B core-related antigen components, phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated hepatitis B core antigens: clinical significance and dynamics during hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis, prevention, and therapeutic advances in hepatitis B, C, and D.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Syndecan 2 proteoglycan serves as a hepatitis B virus cell attachment receptor.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Mutational landscape of the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in mRNA-Based Vaccines Against Several Hepatitis Viruses.Biological procedures online · 2025Review
- The HBV variant CpF97L supports the secretion of pgRNA-containing virions at a level much greater than WT HBV.Journal of virology · 2025Article
105 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a para-retrovirus or retroid virus that contains a double-stranded DNA genome and replicates this DNA via reverse transcription of a RNA pregenome. Viral reverse transcription takes place within a capsid upon packaging of the RNA and the viral reverse transcriptase. A major characteristic of HBV replication is the selection of capsids containing the double-stranded DNA, but not those containing the RNA or the single-stranded DNA replication intermediate, for envelopment during virion secretion. The complete HBV virion particles thus contain an outer envelope, studded with viral envelope proteins, that encloses the capsid, which, in turn, encapsidates the double-stranded DNA genome. Furthermore, HBV morphogenesis is characterized by the release of subviral particles that are several orders of magnitude more abundant than the complete virions. One class of subviral particles are the classical surface antigen particles (Australian antigen) that contain only the viral envelope proteins, whereas the more recently discovered genome-free (empty) virions contain both the envelope and capsid but no genome. In addition, recent evidence suggests that low levels of RNA-containing particles may be released, after all. We will summarize what is currently known about how the complete and incomplete HBV particles are assembled. We will discuss briefly the functions of the subviral particles, which remain largely unknown. Finally, we will explore the utility of the subviral particles, particularly, the potential of empty virions and putative RNA virions as diagnostic markers and the potential of empty virons as a vaccine candidate.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.